Terrace design in the country - dimensions, orientation and architecture: designer's advice. How to build a terrace for a house - the choice of location, size, materials and foundation Optimal dimensions of a veranda for a summer residence

The veranda allows you to profitably expand the usable space of a residential building. In a properly erected and well-equipped extension, you can comfortably spend time both in the warm and in the cold season.

An extension is best built so that it closes the front door to the main house. Therefore, you will not be able to build a veranda from any desired side of the already finished main building. Otherwise, the veranda will be torn off from the main building and you will have to enter it through the street.

Extension dimensions are selected individually. For a family of 3-6 people, a 3x4 m veranda is enough. It is also important to take into account the general view from the street. For example, if you live in a large two- or even three-story house, and the veranda is very small, the overall architectural ensemble will turn out to be inharmonious. For compact houses, you can safely attach verandas the width of the entire wall of the main building - it looks great.

Important note! Regardless of the chosen size and, in general, the features of the extension, its construction must first be legalized. To do this, you must have a project in hand. You can find it in open sources or order it from a specialized company.

With the finished project, go to the local architectural department. Employees of the department will study your project, make the necessary changes and issue a permit. Keep in mind that it takes about 2-3 months on average to review and approve a project, so it is best to deal with this issue in the winter, before the start of the construction season.

Construction site marking

We are starting to prepare our construction site.

First step. We remove about 150 mm of the top layer of soil along the perimeter of the future building and take it to the flower beds, to the garden or other place.

Second step. Align the resulting recess.

Third step. We do markup. First, focusing on the project, we drive in metal or wooden pins at the corners of the site, then in the same way we drive in intermediate pegs every 1-1.5 m, and then we pull the rope between the pins. We will be guided by it in the process of arranging the foundation.

We make the foundation

Most often, verandas are built on the bases of a columnar or tape type. The depth of the support is taken equal to the depth of the foundation of the main house. It is strongly not recommended to connect the main support with the foundation of the extension, because. these designs will have widely varying weights. Therefore, the degree of their shrinkage will also differ. To prevent a heavy house from pulling a relatively light extension, the latter must be erected on a separate foundation. To do this, leave between the foundations of approximately 3-4 cm gap.

Important point! When choosing the type of foundation, consider, first of all, the characteristics of the soil in your area and the total mass of the veranda. For the construction of heavy structures on heaving soils, monolithic ones are best suited. Lightweight structures, for example, made of wood, can be built on columnar supports.

Tape base

The tape type foundation is optimally suited for the further construction of a veranda on it from building blocks or bricks. The thickness of the base, as already noted, is maintained equal to the thickness of the foundation of the house. If this is a new building, we keep the thickness at the level of 70-80 cm.

First step. We dig a trench along the perimeter of the walls of the extension.

Second step. We level the bottom and walls of the trench, from wooden boards or shields, according to the height of the future concrete support.

Third step. We successively fill the bottom of the trench with a 10-cm layer of sand and the same layer of gravel with the obligatory tamping of each ball of backfill.

Fourth step. We lay the reinforcing mesh of 10-12 mm bars. The recommended mesh size is 10x10 cm. So the base will be as strong as possible.

Fifth step. We pour concrete prepared from a portion of cement, three portions of sand, 4-5 portions of gravel and water.

Carefully level the fill and leave it to dry and gain strength for 3-4 weeks. In the heat, we pour concrete every day to prevent it from cracking.

columnar base

Perfect for a veranda made of timber or polycarbonate. Pits for poles are recommended to be made with a depth of 80-110 cm. If the veranda is small (up to about 3x4 m), it will be enough to install supports in the corners. However, professional builders recommend installing intermediate racks for any size of the veranda. We maintain the distance between the supports within 0.8-1 m.

First step. We dig holes in the places of future pouring of the pillars. The best way to do this is with a drill.

Second step. We fill the bottom of each recess with a 15-20 cm layer of sand. Additionally, it is recommended to pour about 10 cm of gravel. We compact each layer.

Third step. Pour the concrete to the ground level and let it harden.

Fourth step. Finished concrete supports are coated with bitumen.

Fifth step. We fill the cracks between the ground and the supports with sand.

Sixth step. We erect the above-ground part of the brick pillars. We make the height equal to the height of the foundation of the main house.

Making a subfloor

The floor can be wood or concrete. For example, in a framed veranda made of wooden beams, a wooden floor would be more appropriate. Concrete pouring will best fit into an extension made of bricks.

We do the wooden draft floor like this:

• we fix the beam of the lower trim on the foundation. We use suitable fasteners, for example, anchors. To connect the beams directly, we first make samples at their joints and additionally fasten them with galvanized nails;
• we attach wooden logs to the bottom trim. We maintain the step at the level of 50 cm - so the floor will definitely not fail. We use the connection option described above;
• we fill the space between the lags with expanded clay;
• we make flooring from unedged boards or plywood with a thickness of about 50 mm. We fasten the flooring elements to the logs with galvanized nails or self-tapping screws.

We do the concrete screed like this:

• we fill the base with a 10-centimeter layer of sand;
• pour a layer on top;
• laying reinforcing mesh. For the floor of the veranda, a grid of bars with a diameter of 6-8 mm with cells of 25x25 cm is enough;
• pour concrete.

Important! The screed should be as even as possible. We carry out the work with the obligatory use of the level.

We build a wooden veranda

Basic material properties

Wood is one of the most popular and ancient building materials. Even after the appearance on the market of all kinds of blocks and other budget and easy-to-arrange elements, wood practically did not lose ground.

With the construction of a simple frame wooden veranda, almost everyone can handle it. It is only necessary to properly mount the frame racks and sew them up with shields, clapboard or other suitable material.

The indisputable advantage of wood is its environmental friendliness, beautiful appearance and relatively low weight. The latter property allows you to abandon the arrangement of expensive and difficult to build foundations.

The main disadvantage of a wooden veranda is its fire hazard - installing a brazier in such an extension or in its immediate vicinity is a very important undertaking that requires taking into account many nuances and trifles. Therefore, it is better to take the source of fire somewhere far away from the wooden veranda.

Another significant drawback of wood is its poor tolerance to high humidity, which is why the material needs serious pre-treatment with special ones. Without such preparation, the wood will rot very quickly.

Construction order

For the construction of the frame, we use a high quality wooden beam with a section of 100x100 mm. We already have the lower harness and the subfloor, so we continue to work, adhering to the instructions below.

First step. We cut grooves in the beam of the lower strapping for the installation of vertical supports. We maintain a half-meter step.

Second step. We install vertical racks. To fasten the frame elements, we use staples and screws or nails.

Important! The roof of our veranda, as noted, will be sloping. Therefore, the vertical beam, installed at the bottom of the slope, is made 50 cm below the opposite racks.

Third step. We mount the beam of the upper trim. On higher racks, no questions will arise - we perform the connections in the same way as in the previous stages.

When installing the strapping of lower supports, we do the following: first we connect the posts longitudinally with a strapping beam, and then we fix the transverse crossbars connecting the high and low racks at the height of the low racks. We fasten the crossbars with high racks using pre-created samples and nails.

Fourth step. The top harness is ready. The resulting slope will allow us to lay the rafters for the roof. Additionally, we nail a girder near the roof slope. To fasten the beam with all supports, we use anchor bolts. For greater reliability, it is recommended to fasten the strapping beam with transverse boards or beams, if possible and necessary (we focus on the weight of the future roofing material). We will attach racks and struts to them for greater strength of the truss system.

Fifth step. We mount in increments of 50 cm. To do this, we use a wooden bar with a section of 100x200 mm. We perform the connection of structural elements by any of the previously discussed methods.

Sixth step. We sew the frame. Lining is perfect for interior cladding, siding or other material is perfect for exterior. Between the materials of the outer and inner skin we lay layers of hydro- and thermal insulation. We attach the film to the frame. The position of the insulation is fixed by transverse rails. The finishing material is also attached to them. When sheathing, do not forget to leave openings for windows and doors.

Prices for various types of timber

brick verandas

Basic information about building material

Brick is great for building capital verandas. In a building made of this material, it will be cool in summer and, if properly insulated, warm in winter. Brickwork is durable, fireproof and unpretentious in maintenance.

The main disadvantage of a brick building is a lot of weight. Such structures are built exclusively on, which does not have the best effect on the total cost of construction.

The order of the construction of the veranda

The foundation is ready and waterproofed, the screed is poured, the base is even and does not require any additional preparatory measures. Let's start laying out the walls.

We first select the appropriate type of masonry. The simplest options that are perfect for self-construction of a veranda are as follows:

• spoon masonry. The final wall thickness will be 120 mm;
• poke masonry. Wall thickness - 250 mm;
• chain laying. Allows you to get walls with a thickness of 380 mm.

First step. We attach a mooring cord at two opposite ends of the foundation with a coupler. It should run along the edge of the base.

Second step. We expose the corner bricks along the cord, and then fill the space between them in accordance with the chosen masonry method. To fasten building elements, we use a standard cement mortar.

Third step. We check the evenness of the first row and similarly lay out the walls to the desired height, not forgetting to leave openings for doors and windows.

Important! will be inclined, therefore, the wall falling on the bottom of the slope, as well as the side walls adjacent to it, are made a row lower compared to the wall supporting the top of the roof.

Having laid out the last row of walls, we equip the armored belt. To do this, we fix a formwork about 70 mm high on each wall on the upper surface of the walls, put anchor bolts in the corners, lay reinforcing bars and pour concrete.

We let the concrete harden, and then we attach a strapping of a wooden beam with a section of 10x10 cm to the anchor bolts. The further procedure for arranging the truss system remains similar to the situation with

If the veranda is planned to be used throughout the year, the walls can be laid in two rows, filling the gap between the rows with heat-insulating material. With single masonry, we carry out insulation, moisture insulation and interior decoration by analogy with a wooden veranda. The exterior finish is up to you. You can simply gently embroider the seams and finish it.

Masonry size	Length, L	Width, V	Height, H	Number of bricks thickness not included mortar joint, PC.	Number of bricks taking into account the thickness mortar joint 10 mm, PC.
1 m3 single brick laying	250	120	65	512	394
1 m3 thickened brickwork	250	120	88	378	302
	250	120	65	61	51
1 sq. m of masonry in half a brick (masonry thickness 120 mm)	250	120	88	45	39
1 sq. m of masonry in one brick (masonry thickness 250 mm)	250	120	65	128	102
	250	120	65	189	153
1 sq. m of masonry in one and a half bricks (masonry thickness 380 mm)	250	120	88	140	117
	250	120	65	256	204
1 sq. m of laying in two bricks (masonry thickness 510 mm)	250	120	88	190	156
	250	250	65	317	255
1 sq. m of masonry in two and a half bricks (masonry thickness 640 mm)	250	250	88	235	195

Prices for building and facing bricks

Building and facing bricks

We make the roof of the veranda

And the rafters have been installed. It remains to make the crate, mount the insulating layers and lay the finishing roofing material.

The lathing can be continuous (for rolled materials) and sparse (for sheet roofing). We make a continuous crate from OSB boards. To do this, we attach them to the rafters with a 1-centimeter gap. We fasten the bars of the sparse lathing with a step recommended by the manufacturer of the selected roofing material. On average, it is 30-35 cm. To attach the battens to the rafters, we use galvanized nails or self-tapping screws.

The cells between the bars of the crate are filled with mineral wool for thermal insulation. We lay a waterproofing film on top and attach it to the crate using a stapler with staples. In the case of arranging a continuous crate, we fix the thermal insulation from the inside of the room. We fix the insulation plates with the help of transverse rails, nailing them to the crate.

In conclusion, it remains to mount. It is better that it matches the roof covering of the main house. Otherwise, we focus on our preferences and available budget.

Finishing the floor

If the draft floor is wooden, we put insulation in the space between them and fill the flooring from edged boards to the logs. Boards are painted and varnished.

On top of the concrete screed, you can also equip a boardwalk, similar to the previous method, or lay another material of your choice, such as linoleum.

At the end, the doors remain, furnish at your discretion and connect lighting if necessary. We will not pull the wire. It is enough to take the extension cord out of the house and turn on the necessary lighting fixtures.

Successful work!

Video - Do-it-yourself veranda

OVER THE LAST 20-30 YEARS, THE PARSE AS A PHENOMENON BECAME A FASHIONABLE TREND IN COUNTRY LIFE. EVEN IN THE OLD, LONG-OLD APARTMENTS OF 600 PLOT PLOT PEOPLE CARRY OUT A PLACE FOR A SMALL Pavilion or Shed, TO DRINK TEA IN THE FRESH AIR OR MARK A MEETING WITH FRIENDS WITH A BBQ. BUT FASHIONABLE DOES NOT MEAN RATIONAL…

It is impossible not to love the dacha, especially if you love Chekhov. “At the Dacha”, “Dachniks”, “Dacha Pleasure” - you can count almost a dozen stories where the word “dacha” is included in the title, and how many of those where the dacha serves as a scene of action cannot be counted! True, Chekhov's summer residents have never been seen gardening - they fall in love, play music, play forfeits and certainly drink wine and tea. And not just anywhere, but on the terrace. The terrace, according to the classics, is the focus of country life and the main stage of all country events. Dacha Queen!

Over the past century, everything has changed in the saddest way. Firstly, the word "cottage resident" has lost its former lightness - weeding, pruning, loosening and watering have firmly taken the place of flirting and phantoms, and secondly, all the terraces have disappeared somewhere.

For the last 30 years, people have been using shish kebabs and tea from a samovar exclusively in gazebos. They discuss how to build a gazebo, what to plant around and how to properly lay a path to it from the porch of the house.

TERRACE IS:

1. SUMMER OPEN (WITHOUT WALLS) ANNEX TO THE HOUSE. BUILDING. COVERED TERRACE - ROOFED ON PILLARS. GLAZED TERRACE.

2. THE HORIZONTAL LEND OF THE EARTH'S SURFACE (ON SLOPES. RATES) IN A SERIES OF OTHER SIMILAR. AREA. VERANDA. J. SAME. WHAT THE TERRACE IS IN THE 1ST VALUE. THE TERM – TERRACE – IS CHOSEN FOR THE ARTICLE EXCLUSIVELY OUT OF RESPECT TO THE RUSSIAN CLASSICS. AT CHEKHOV - ONLY TERRACES.

Explanatory Dictionary of S. I. Ozhegov

The fashion for gazebos has a practical justification.

DIFFICULTY DIFFICULTIES

The gazebo does not depend on the house in any way and is not connected with it, and the terrace assumes close proximity to the main building on the site. The complexities of pairing two buildings on different foundations are frightening. How to build a terrace if the house already exists, but it needs a foundation and such construction will cost a little more than building a light gazebo? Many believe that a gazebo can be put up without a foundation, on stones.

But this is not so: you also need to prepare a base for the gazebo, otherwise it will have to be leveled every spring. In addition, gazebos are usually small, and a good terrace stretches the entire side of the house - which means that the roof for a large terrace will be more expensive than for a small gazebo.

ADVANTAGES OF THE TERRACE

At first glance, a gazebo is simply cheaper than a terrace. Meanwhile, the advantages of the terrace more than compensate for its relative high cost.

Unlike a gazebo, a terrace is part of the house, in fact, another room. Living-dining room in the fresh air - and a stone's throw from the kitchen. Setting the table and, most importantly, clearing the table after long gatherings is much faster and more convenient. You can even put a cupboard on the terrace. In the gazebo, there is usually no space for cabinets and storage places in general. On the way from the kitchen to the gazebo, the food has time to cool down even on a summer evening. And in order to cook comfortably in the gazebo, you need a summer kitchen with a stove and burners, which will require additional space and serious investments.

The terrace lighting uses the electrical wiring already present in the house – minimal modifications are required. To illuminate the gazebo and the path to it, the wires will have to be pulled much further.

TERRACE SIZE MATTERS

The terrace can be made much more spacious than the gazebo. The gazebo is a separate building, you still need to find a suitable place for it. On a small and already developed area, it is very difficult to allocate an area sufficient for a spacious gazebo. For example, the area of ​​a traditional hexagonal gazebo inscribed in a circle of 04 m is 10.34 m2. A circle with a diameter of 4 m is a significant object for a small garden.

A terrace 2.5 m wide, attached to the wall of a house 6 m long, has an area of ​​15 m 2 - 1.5 times more, and the site will visually remain much freer.

And this is not to mention the fact that the economical hexagonal shape of the gazebo is not visually suitable for every home and garden.

CHALLENGE FOR THE LANDSCAPE DESIGNER

The gazebo is more difficult to fit into the landscape. Standing apart from the house, it can look massive, even if there is little space inside. It is necessary to carve out a patch in the middle of the garden, think over and lay paths, beat the gazebo with plantings and create the impression that it stands freely and does not look too large relative to the site (photo 1).

The terrace is visually part of the house, which is already the most massive object on the site. It won't look much bigger once the terrace is added. This means that visually the garden will not seem truncated, the site will still be free.

Finally, a terrace is a great way to decorate the façade. A spacious terrace suits almost any home, making the simplest facade interesting and varied.

As you can see, a terrace is a great solution even for a small area. How to design a terrace correctly?

ORIENTATION OF THE TERRACE ON THE SIDES OF THE HORIZON

It is known that it is better to avoid the north side, and choose the southeast or southwest. But the final decision depends on the particulars. If you dream of such a terrace to have breakfast with your family or meditate in the silence of the early morning, you need an east or southeast side.

If the goal is to hold noisy parties, then the west side is perfect to catch more of the evening sun. It is often not advised to orient the terrace strictly to the south, but in the middle lane this is quite acceptable, especially if the terrace is covered.

ARCHITECTURE

Of course, designing the perfect terrace is easiest with the house. In this case, you can include in the project, for example, a corner terrace with exits from the kitchen and from the living room. It will be perfectly protected from the wind (two walls of the house are involved) and it will be easier to cover it with a roof.

If the terrace is planned to be attached to the finished house, a safe solution is to make it the entire length of the chosen wall. Such a decision will definitely not spoil the facade. If the house has a complex shape, such as a bay window, the terrace can partially repeat its contours - it will look harmonious.

Exit to the terrace - from the kitchen or from the living room. It is better not to combine the entrance to the terrace and the main entrance to the house: dirty shoes in the dining room (and the terrace is primarily a dining room) is clearly superfluous. The terrace can be made closed with removable glazing, but unheated: you get a living-dining room in summer and a vestibule - additional wall insulation in winter (photo 2).

An open terrace on columns and with a light fence looks much more airy and openwork, but from snow it will probably have to be covered with a film for the winter.

WHAT SIZES SHOULD THE TERRACE BE

It is most convenient when the floor of the terrace is flush with the clean floor of the house. So the terrace will be raised above the ground to the height of the plinth. So that rainwater does not stagnate on it, a slope of 2% (2 cm in height per 1 m in length) from the wall of the house is necessary.

FOUNDATION

If you are building a house from scratch, of course, it is best to make a common foundation for the house and terrace. If you decide to attach a terrace to a finished house, you should contact a civil engineer. who will advise how to minimize the mutual displacement of the terrace and the house in heaving soils. And it strongly depends on the design of the existing foundation. If possible, repeat the design of the foundation of the house. If it is difficult, they look for a compromise engineering solution (photo 4).

The terrace is not tied to the house - it is placed close, providing the possibility of different vertical shifts of the buildings, and the joints are closed with flashings. This will mask the difference in height fluctuations due to heaving of soils (Fig. 1).

COATING

It must be non-slip and resistant to precipitation. Popular options are a wooden deck board (larch, teak), additionally treated with oil or deck varnish; composite terrace board (photo 5).

ROOF

Terraces with an open rafter structure look advantageous, especially if the beams are already braided with climbing plants. It looks nice, but is only suitable for snowless regions. Even if the snowdrift on the terrace does not interfere with you, there is a risk of blocking the wall of the house. In the zone of "risk farming" it is better to make the terrace covered.

The roof is shed, with a slight slope, depending on the material chosen. A roof that is flatter than a house will look harmonious if the roofing material is the same.

You can also make a light polycarbonate canopy, but the attractiveness of this option depends heavily on the overall style of the house. If you already have a porch under a polycarbonate canopy - why not.

The terrace is ready. It remains to plant girlish grapes and sweet peas so that the supports are braided - and you can put a samovar.

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COZY TERRACE WITH YOUR HANDS - VIDEO

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Eating, relaxing, and even working - on the veranda of a country house, all this pastime becomes doubly pleasant. For several months of the year, a comfortable veranda will give you a chance to have a good time without leaving your home. It will give you the opportunity to be outdoors, bask in the sun, admiring the green garden. But where should the veranda be located to become your favorite place? Let's look at some important points in the device of the veranda.

The location of the veranda on the cardinal points

In essence, the location of the veranda is more a matter of taste for the owner of the house, and depends on the amount of time he plans to spend on the veranda, the preferred time of day for gatherings. However, there are some objective reasons that affect the choice of the location of the veranda to the cardinal points.

One of the key points of the location of the veranda is the availability of natural light. Most often, we strive to arrange a veranda so that it is hidden from the eyes of passers-by, that is, it is located behind the house, from the side of the site. This is completely natural, because the veranda is an extension of your home, and few people will like it if strangers drop by to visit you.

If the entrance to the site is from the south or west, then the veranda will be located at the east or north wall of the house, and sometimes there is no alternative. And this means that most of the day it will be in the shade. Well, this will at least give an advantage on hot summer days - perhaps the veranda will be the only place where you can sit in the cool with a glass of cold lemonade. If the size of the plot allows, you can think about a more advantageous location of the veranda, for example, if the entrance is from the west, you can contrive to place the veranda at the south wall of the house, and if the entrance is from the south, then at the west. Then the problem with natural light will be solved. If your house is built in the depths of the site, then the location of the veranda on the cardinal points depends only on the architectural features of the building. Each location has its own advantages and disadvantages.

The verandah in the west offers the opportunity to admire the sunset in the spring, in cool summer weather or in early autumn. Unfortunately, in the summer heat, the veranda warmed up during the day will be the last place where we would like to spend the evening. The veranda on the south side of the house seems like the perfect solution. The maximum sunshine there will be in the morning and closer to noon. In the afternoon and evening, when the veranda becomes a very attractive place, there will be less sun there, especially if the house is properly designed and there are elements in its architecture that shield from the burning rays of the sun. But at other times of the year, the southern veranda will allow you to enjoy the gentle sun to the fullest.

The veranda, open to the north, will be popular only in the heat of summer. On cold cloudy days, in spring and autumn, this arrangement makes it almost unusable. The same problem with the "east" veranda. She will only allow you to have breakfast, basking in the gentle morning rays. The rest of the day, perhaps, such a veranda will be a cool, shaded room.

We use the veranda, in fact, from May to September, during the warm season. Outdoor gatherings in March or April, when, despite the bright spring sun, a cold wind still blows, this is rather an exception to the rule. Our natural need is to spend as much time outdoors as possible, that is, during the summer months. Therefore, excessive solar lighting of the veranda can also be a problem. After all, we want coolness, not another dose of solar radiation.

Therefore, despite the fact that the veranda should be well lit, shelter from direct sunlight is the key to comfort.

This problem is solved in several ways. One of them is architecture. A possible solution is the location of the veranda around the corner of the building, partially covering it from the sun, depending on the location of the veranda on the cardinal points. The veranda can be located in the arcade or have its own roof - these solutions are present in many house designs.

Another way is to shade the veranda with green spaces. Arranging trellises or pergolas and planting fast-growing vines is an excellent solution that will not only create a comfortable partial shade on the veranda, but also decorate it.

Also, it will shade an open veranda and an awning stretched from the wall of the house or as a continuation of the roof. Not an easy, and not a quick way - planting trees and shrubs so that they shade part of the veranda. The advantage of this method is that in summer, trees covered with leaves will create a shadow, and in spring, autumn and winter, dropping foliage - on the contrary, open the veranda to the sun's rays. If there are already tall enough trees on the site, you should carefully consider their location and, when cutting down, leave those that can shade the veranda. Needless to say, this way of obtaining both a sufficient level of illumination and shading is the most natural and pleasant.

Most of the finished projects offer access to the veranda from the living room. At first glance, this seems logical, especially since with the onset of summer, all life in the house moves from the living room to the veranda. Family events, as well as outdoor dining - who doesn't love this? But here a problem lies in wait for the household: too much distance from the kitchen to the veranda.

Who likes to run with plates, glasses and cutlery through the labyrinth of rooms, and especially through the living room, where order should reign? Of course, there is a way out: the device of the veranda in the immediate vicinity of the kitchen, and even better - with the exit from the kitchen. But such a technique in the planning of a country house, alas, is quite rare. However, if it is important for you that guests and family members willingly go out on the veranda with a cup of coffee in the morning, or with a glass of wine in the evening, not to mention large family dinners in the open air, you should think about the appropriate layout of the premises.

An equally interesting solution is access to the veranda from the bedroom. This option is suitable, perhaps, for romantic couples. As a rule, the bedroom is oriented to the east, and the first bright rays of the sun in the morning beckon to go out onto the veranda, just getting out of bed.

A practical and functional layout can be called when access to the veranda is available through the hall or hallway. Actually, this option is planned most often. This allows you to go outside without going through other rooms. Small children who run back and forth all day will leave a mess on the veranda, and the inner hall will become a buffer between the veranda and the premises of the house. In this case, you just have to make an effort so that the veranda does not turn into a branch of the garden house and the hallway, does not become cluttered with tools, shoes, toys and other household items.

What should be the area of ​​​​the veranda

The size of the veranda, like the size of other rooms in the house, depends on its purpose. If a veranda is needed to organize crowded family gatherings or outdoor parties, then the area of ​​\u200b\u200bsuch a veranda should be large. It is worth providing a place for a table and seats, for a grill, a mobile bar and other useful items. In addition, it must be remembered that furniture and appliances should not interfere with communications. Therefore, the area of ​​the veranda, where the organization of meetings is provided, must be at least 25 m2, the length on one side is 5 meters.

If your veranda is planned as a secluded place for gatherings for two, and it can accommodate a maximum of a coffee table with a couple of chairs, then you can save square meters and make this room small.

What to make the floor on the veranda

The size, shape and material from which the veranda is built all depend on its functionality. But we must remember that the veranda is a permanent building, and even exposed to the direct effects of the environment. Snow, rain, fluctuations in air temperature - all these unfavorable factors "fall" on the open areas of the veranda.

Architects show considerable ingenuity when designing verandas. Segments of circles, undulating protrusions, and other complex elements. On paper, all this looks very impressive, however, it may turn out that not all of the architect's ideas fit into the construction budget. Without realizing the pitfalls, the customer of the house often agrees to architectural delights, but finds that it is too expensive to pour additional geometric shapes with concrete. That's why there are so many unfinished verandas. So, it is worth, perhaps, stepping on the throat of your own song - and the song of the architect - and limit yourself to simple rectangular shapes.

What can you lay out the floor on the veranda from? An excellent material for this is stone. Even inexpensive granite will be very durable and easy to use. In principle, if the owner of the house wants to save money, he will be able to build a stone floor on his own, since there are no special tricks in this technology.

The use of ready-made concrete slabs makes a similar opportunity. The market is saturated with slabs with different textures, different colors and sizes. The technology of laying plates is also very simple. The floor on the veranda, lined with such slabs, will be very durable and will not require complex reconstruction in which case.

Another material that gives considerable freedom in choosing the shape, color and texture of the floor is sawn timber from exotic woods. Laying such a floor can be done independently. If the floor of exotic wood, which is usually durable and beautiful, is laid correctly, then it will last a very long time. You just need to follow the simple rules of caring for him.

The cheapest material is local softwood or hardwood. It is not as strong and durable as exotic wood, so you should pay special attention to the processing of the material and its proper installation. If adverse environmental factors act directly on such a floor, it may have to be changed after a few years.

Another popular way: facing the concrete base with ceramic tiles. From a certain point of view, tile is a familiar and comfortable material; almost anyone can lay it. It is easy to clean, the floor looks smooth and beautiful. However, the veranda is an open space, and temperature changes, snow and rain, spring melting of ice and freezing of water in the seams - all this can cause significant damage to the tiles. To avoid swelling and splitting of tiles, loss of individual segments, it is necessary to carefully follow the laying technology, use professional insulating materials, make wide seams and carefully monitor the quality of gluing tiles to the base.

So, we examined some points of arranging a veranda in a country house. To make your veranda bring pleasure, become a favorite place for family holidays, gatherings with a cup of tea at sunset and morning coffee, it is enough to follow simple rules even at the level of building design. Then the veranda will not become another pantry or a dumping ground for unnecessary things, but will perform the function of uniting the whole family, bringing joy to all the inhabitants of your house.

A veranda is a popular home improvement that not only adds to the overall value of a property, but is also a focal point for outdoor recreation with family and friends. This is the place where barbecues, evening dinners and other social events take place. The ways of using a veranda are as extensive as the types of verandas that can be built. With this in mind, you'll want to carefully consider the available design elements that go into a veranda. Tools and materials: measuring tape, graph paper and pencil, ruler, wooden stakes, level, hammer.

Location

The size and orientation of the lot and the house itself may be limited to just one or two verandas in various locations, however, within these limits, you can have much more choice than meets the eye. You can add retaining walls, a door, make walkways, screen a porch to create a private, personal setting, you can choose from a variety of options just the one that will be most convenient for your use. The climate of the area and the view that you will observe from the future veranda are key factors to consider when deciding where to place your veranda. The north side of your house is likely to be the coolest location. The south and west side of the house is likely to be very hot in mid-summer unless an additional awning is included in the building project, or shade from growing trees is used in the location. You can avoid exposure to winds, if any, by placing your deck on the opposite side, so that the house becomes a defense. In addition, careful placement will allow you to minimize traffic noise, eliminate unwanted glances, and provide additional privacy. If you are considering adding a hot tub or pool to your veranda, privacy considerations for you and your guests can be very important.

Legal regulations

Local zoning regulations - may limit the total size of your veranda, the height of the walls, as well as the minimum distance of the veranda from your house to the boundaries of the site. Structural ordinances - may limit the appearance of a structure. Local building department - may require a building permit and ask for design plans. Local utilities - will help you find the laid pipeline, power lines and similar utility lines.

Size

You can build a veranda of any size you wish, of course within the law. However, a huge deck next to a small house will look the same as a tiny deck next to a big house - wrong. If you think your proposed deck is large for your home, break it down by creating smaller sections on multiple levels. To test your ideas, take measurements on your lawn. Install wooden stakes at the nearest corners of the proposed area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe future veranda and install the longitudinal beam, approximately at the height of the future railing. You can install furniture on the lawn, in the proposed construction area, to visualize how the space will work. The most common mistake people make when building decks is being too small. Tip: If possible, measure your porch in various sizes, larger and smaller. You will have to purchase standard lumber anyway, and there is no point in wasting that material when you could have a bigger deck for the same amount of money.

Form and flooring

A verandah can be any shape you want, in fact, simple changes like a bevelled decking angle or a 45 degree angle can add flair to a building project. You can also add visual interest to your veranda by installing it around the corner of your home, you can install benches, build a fence or sew up the veranda. As a rule, the flooring should go within five centimeters under the front door to the house. On a sloping site, you can build your veranda with several levels of support to follow the slope. As a rule, where the height of the veranda exceeds 50 centimeters from the ground, the pillars must have additional support to avoid vibrations. A spa or hot tub can be installed on a veranda when the structure is sufficiently reinforced to support the weight of the water, for this, the veranda can be installed directly on a concrete slab on the ground. In this case, the veranda is built around and on the slab. Existing trees or rocks, as well as other landscape elements, can be integrated into the veranda by designing and coordinating the veranda around the elements. If you are building a veranda around a tree, leave at least 10 cm around the trunk of the tree, taking into account the growth of the tree. Around stationary landscape elements, such as boulders, it is necessary to leave 20 cm, since the decking can expand and contract under conditions of different temperatures and humidity.

railing

Railings are the most visible visual element of the veranda, moreover, they offer great scope for imagination and creative ideas. They can be fixed to posts that go into the ground, on the sides, from the edge of the carrier beam, or fixed directly to the deck. They can be made in wood, metal, or even rope - almost all materials are suitable, as long as they suit the building requirements and appearance. First of all, the design of your railing will be limited by building regulations that are designed to ensure safety. As a general rule, posts that support railings, in accordance with building code regulations, must be no more than 40 cm apart. Railings should not have voids larger than 4x4. The durability of the railing will also depend on the design chosen. For example, the ends of your railings should be painted or coated with specialized compounds to minimize cracking and splitting.

Steps and stairs

Steps and stair structures are carefully regulated in accordance with building codes. As a general rule, steps and stairs should be at least 36 cm wide. If you want the stairs to allow two people to pass each other, the required width is 48 cm, this solution is necessary to create comfortable conditions. The increase should be no more than 7.5 cm, and the step width should be at least 15 centimeters. Building codes must also be carefully observed in the design of stairs, porch steps, support posts and the need for railings.

Structural Components: There are five main components of a traditional veranda:

Vertical racks. The posts are sunk into concrete or on piles, typically spaced 50 to 80 cm apart.

Horizontal beams. Installed on racks, parallel to the deck, must bear the weight of the veranda.

Bar. It is located between horizontal beams, as a rule, at a distance of 16 or 24 cm from each other. They distribute the weight of the veranda, allowing the deck boards to be used correctly.

Flooring. Boards laid on beams, floor of the veranda.

Railing. Usually 36-42 cm. Materials used, size and distance between components are determined by local building codes.

Material selection

Materials for the construction of the veranda, not only must be resistant to destruction and damage by insects, but also withstand the effects of water and the sun. Standard wood constructions include the use of pine or spruce, which resist rot, but this is not enough in extreme weather conditions or in the sun's ultraviolet rays. You get similar strength from pressed pine, cedar, or mahogany, and they can be dyed just about any color you want. When using mahogany or cedar, remember that only the core of these trees is resistant to splitting. Colored sapwood loses its qualities as quickly as pine and spruce. If you have a general idea of ​​the future porch, draw one or two sketches, choosing the best ideas from the many ideas. Use the veranda as part of your backyard landscaping and as a design element in your home. Use graph paper to maintain the specified dimension and get all the elements in a suitable scale. Take the sketch to your local builder's market, shop, or wood supplier, and ask for a rough estimate of the cost of the lumber.

What could be better than outdoor recreation? Only organized, civilized rest with comfort. Most homeowners do not miss the opportunity of arranging such a place to relax in their private yard or garden plot and attach to the house (or plan even during the construction of the building) a terrace. It is not surprising that in the word "terrace" there is a combination of "terra", which means earth. After all, a terrace is nothing more than a platform located on the ground or slightly elevated above its level and equipped specifically for relaxation. Terraces can be freestanding or attached to the house. In this publication, we will analyze the second version of this versatile, practical and beautiful place for organizing outdoor recreation.

According to the degree of openness, the terraces are fully open, semi-closed and closed. But do not confuse a terrace with a veranda (usually a glazed area attached to the house) - a covered terrace is a structure with a roof, sometimes enclosed by one or two walls of the house, but not glazed.

On the open terrace (flooring without a roof), you can also have recreation segments, places for meals and even children's play areas. But in such cases, it is important to take care of sun protection (especially for terraces located on the south and southeast sides of the building) and provide for the possibility of stretching an awning or using garden umbrellas. Such umbrellas can be portable devices and be mounted anywhere or be part of the table.

Among the terraces adjacent to the house, there are not so many options for execution in shape - rectangular (the most common type), square, asymmetrical and enveloping the building around the perimeter. The latter become an effective way to organize outdoor recreation, if the area adjacent to the house is small, and the terrace cannot be made wide enough, and several functional segments need to be placed on it (for example, not only a recreation area, but also a sector for dining ).

Terraces are also single-level and multi-level, located at the main entrance or overlooking the backyard. But, as a rule, they try to attach a terrace (or plan to make it initially) on the south side of the building. This arrangement allows you to enjoy the warmth of the sun's rays for the maximum possible number of days a year.

Terrace styles

To date, the most popular styles of terrace design can be considered the following:

• modern;
• traditional;
• colonial;
• coastal (beach);
• country (rustic).

Modern style suggests comfortable minimalism. The slogan “better less, but better” fits perfectly with this style of terrace design. Strict lines, laconic forms, simplicity and functionality in everything. But at the same time, the style is not devoid of comfort and coziness. The furniture on such a terrace is simple, but practical, often designer, original. Decorative elements on the terrace, decorated in a modern style, are completely absent or presented very modestly. Most often, quite functional items are used as decor - lighting fixtures, additional furniture (coffee tables, coasters). For the execution of a modern terrace, durable, but unpretentious in operation and maintenance materials are used - metal and stone, various composites, PVC (it is possible to use high-quality wood imitation).

In turn, the traditional style is not complete without decor. In the construction of the terrace itself, it can be present in the execution of the railing (the use of balusters or forged patterns), the use of skirting boards of various configurations. Instead of supports, you can use columns - hexagonal or round. In order to smooth the corners and, as a result, soften the entire image of the terrace, octahedrons and tongue-and-groove corners are used. Most often, in the construction of a traditional terrace, natural materials are used - wood and stone. Wood species with a beautiful natural pattern are selected - cedar or mahogany gives pleasant, cozy shades and lasts a long time.

Whether your traditional deck will have railings depends on the height of the decking in relation to ground level, the presence of small children and pets, as well as your personal preferences. If you decide to use a railing to increase the security level of the terrace, then do not forget about the beauty of the execution of this architectural element. Carved wooden balusters or wrought-iron decor for metal railings are a luxurious decor option for a traditional terrace design style.

The colonial style is based on the use of classical architecture motifs, but with the use of colorful elements. Colonial style is always practicality, coupled with beauty, symmetry and convenience, decorating with flowers and borrowing elements of architecture from the countries of the former colonies. For example, a pergola, an original bench or snow-white railings with decorative balusters can be an accent detail of such a terrace.

If your home is located on the coast of the sea or lake, then the beach or coastal style will be the perfect choice for decorating the terrace. In such a place, as in no other, I want all the buildings to be in harmony with the surrounding landscape, to fit into the overall picture as organically as possible. When making a coastal terrace, special attention should be paid to the choice of building and finishing materials. A good solution could be to use a gray composite decking or use cedar in combination with a gray paint job. Of course, a terrace in the coastal part must be built with a view of the water - the sea, a forest lake or a river.

How to equip a terrace attached to the house?

Summer living room

One of the most common options for arranging spacious terraces is to decorate this space in the fresh air in the form of a summer living room. In fact, a second living room is set up on the terrace, with upholstered furniture, coffee tables and even a fireplace in some cases. The only difference is that for the summer recreation area, mainly garden furniture made of wood, metal or wicker models made of wicker, rattan is used. In order to equip a truly comfortable seating area, garden furniture is accompanied by an abundance of soft pillows, special seats with removable covers that can be easily washed in a washing machine.

Outdoor dining area

Any dish seems to taste better if you taste it in the fresh air. Therefore, it is not surprising that the majority of owners of private houses of an urban or country type are trying to provide themselves with the opportunity to eat in the yard. In order to be able to arrange a family dinner or a reception without fear of rainy weather, it is best to arrange a dining area on a covered terrace. On the one hand, there is a meal outside, everyone enjoys the fresh air, on the other hand, no one is afraid of bad weather. For the arrangement of the dining sector on the terrace, mainly garden furniture is used, because the presence of a roof over the table and chairs does not protect the surface of the furniture from the usual effects of dust brought by the wind and dirt from our soles, which can smear the legs of the dining group.

Some terraces, in addition to decorating the eating area, are equipped with equipment for cooking. A barbecue area under the roof of the terrace is the best option for providing hosts and their guests with dishes cooked on fire in any weather. Obviously, the cooking area is also designed in a general way with the arrangement of the entire terrace.

Recreation area with swings

Not only hanging beds are incredibly popular these days with many owners of private houses and apartments around the world. Suspended sofas (and it is difficult to call such comfortable seats with soft upholstery and decorative pillows) located on the terrace, allow you to relax outdoors with an incredibly high level of comfort. For those who decide to relax on the terrace to the fullest, there is also the opportunity to lie down on the sofa with a slight rocking. Next to such a comfortable and at the same time original swing, as a rule, a small table-stand is installed for the opportunity to enjoy delicious evening tea or put books and magazines for reading in the fresh air.

How to decorate the decoration of the terrace? It all depends on its size and the style of arrangement you choose. But there are also universal options that are suitable for terraces of all shapes and sizes, stylistic and design designs. Lighting fixtures can become a practical decor. Lighting of the facade of the building refers to utilitarian or functional types, designed primarily to ensure the safe presence of a person near the house at night. But the lighting system is quite capable of serving as a decorative element. Beautiful forged elements of wall lamps or original, designer designs of pendant lamps with shades - every owner can find his own version of a non-trivial design of a lighting device, with any wallet size. The lighting on the terrace should be soft diffused - not to hit the eyes with streams of light, but to create a comfortable, pleasant atmosphere, but at the same time make it possible to move along the flooring with a high level of safety.

Another practical option for decorating the terrace is to install a fireplace. Obviously, the functional background of this structure is beyond doubt. And at the same time, watching the flames play is an incredibly relaxing pastime. If at the same time you are located in a comfortable chair or on a soft sofa, then outdoor recreation can be considered highly comfortable.

An ideal option for decorating a terrace is the use of plants - flowering and not only. Floor flowerpots, garden pots and mini tubs, hanging planters and whole compositions in the form of "living" walls - there are never too many flowers on the terrace. Unless you have opted for a minimalist, modern design style for your roof decking.

Depending on the location of the terrace in relation to the cardinal points, you may need to protect its space from the sun's rays. You can decorate the terrace in the form of an oriental tent, using light translucent fabrics, or opt for a more standard version and choose ordinary eyelet curtains. The main thing to consider is that the fabric should be easily removed from the eaves and cleaned with a machine wash, because textiles on the street will quickly get dirty.

Some terraces are so small that it is simply not a question of arranging a fireplace, a barbecue area or a place to relax with luxurious sofas. But on any, even the smallest terrace (more like a wide porch with a canopy) there is a place for a couple of small garden chairs, or at least chairs with backs. A terrace of any size can be decorated with flower pots or a small floor vase. A beautiful street lamp will not only provide the necessary level of illumination in the dark, but will also become a decorative element. Both garden chairs and a bright rug in front of the front door can become accent items.