Swamp whitewing: cultivation and care. Whitewing - a poisonous decoration of ponds Reproduction and planting

Whitewing can often be seen in swampy and damp places, as well as on the marshy shoreline of various bodies of water. As a decorative element it is very popular in landscape design. Whitewing is poisonous, but it is also used in folk medicine. It’s definitely worth taking a closer look at such an amazing plant, which is ready to put up with even temporary drying up of water bodies. In Russia, it can be seen in its European part, as well as in the Far East and Siberia.

Getting to know the plant

Whitewing is a beautiful herbaceous wetland and coastal plant, a prominent representative of the Araceae family (also called Aronicaceae). The creeping rhizomes of this perennial are hollow and slightly thick, and the rhizomes creeping along the substrate are dark green. The roots are white, with blunt, slightly rounded tips. Single leaves directed vertically upward have an oval-heart-shaped shape; The edges of the leaves are smooth, and the tips are slightly pointed. The leaf blades are shiny and quite thick, rich green on top, and slightly paler on the back.

The flowering of the beautiful calligraphy begins in May (in the second half) and ends around mid-June. Numerous small (no more than 1 cm) and spirally arranged flowers include from six to ten stamens and form cylindrical elongated beautiful inflorescences-cobs.

The fruits of the calliper look very colorful - the attractive bright red berries ripen approximately 30 days after flowering and, like the flowers, they are collected in small cylindrical cobs. Each berry contains seeds - from three to twelve pieces. Ripe berries are filled with an elastic, slightly gelatinous and transparent substance, located mainly above the seeds. Ripe seeds are equipped with small grooves and are brown in color, while seeds that are not separated from the berry pulp are purple, turning brown only when they are freed from the pulp.

Beneficial properties of calligraphy

Amateur gardeners, along with landscape designers, have chosen this aquatic beauty for use in gardens and parks as a decorative element in the design of various reservoirs.

Calliper is also widely used for medicinal purposes. A decoction of its rhizomes was drunk when edema and dropsy appeared, and leaves boiled in milk and applied to sore fingers saved them from osteomyelitis or felon. Compresses made from fresh rhizomes helped to pull hairs and needles out of the body. All parts of a peculiar plant acted as a pain reliever in the presence of syphilitic ulcers, as well as in annoying rheumatism.

In Yakutia, where the whitewing was called “cleaver”, it served as an excellent diuretic, saving from urine retention since the 17th century. Its fruits also did not go unnoticed - in case of severe constipation and umbilical hernia, they were offered to children. The fruits were also a fairly good remedy for various malignant neoplasms, they helped well with nasal polyps, and a decoction of the underground part of the plant was used as an antifever and expectorant, and was also used for headaches, hypofunction of the stomach and hypoxia.

In folk medicine, there is a recipe for a tincture of rhizomes used for poisonous snake bites. The Iroquois Indians used a decoction of the stems and roots (along with fresh crushed underground parts) as a poultice against dangerous snake bites, and the Potawatomi Indians treated tumors with poultices made from crushed roots.

To cure flu and colds, all kinds of bleeding, as well as difficulty breathing in a number of regions, tea made from dried calligraphy roots is still used to this day.

And the juice squeezed from the underground part of the plant can be used against harmful gypsy moth caterpillars as an insecticidal agent - such juice exhibits pronounced protistocidal and phytoncidal activity.

Growing calligraphy

Calliper propagates in two ways: either vegetatively (by breaking off renewal buds or rhizomes) or by seeds. With the onset of autumn, the cobs fall into the water or onto damp soil, as a result of which the swollen fruits quickly burst, releasing perfectly floating seeds with air cavities from the berries. One ear contains from 350 to 400 seeds. Germinated seeds begin to take root in dead vegetation.

Calligraphy is usually planted to a depth of 5–10 cm. To avoid water blooms, instead of mesh containers, it can be planted in containers with holes only at the bottom or even in ordinary pots. The pots are filled with soil, after which the soil should be covered with greasy clay on top (2 cm layer), otherwise the nutrients may be washed into the water. When the whitewing grows, a certain part of it will be outside the pots, and the additionally formed roots will begin to receive nutrients directly from the water, thereby significantly improving its quality. Periodically, the plant must be thinned out and excess shoots cut off.

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After completing the construction of a decorative reservoir, you can immediately begin decorating the coastal zone, as well as the water surface. It’s easy to plant plants for a pond at your dacha with your own hands, but you must strictly observe the growing conditions for each individual species and the rules of care. Compliance with all the requirements will allow the artificial pond to sparkle in all its glory, but it is important to be prepared for the fact that this will require more than one year of constant attention.

How to properly design a pond on the shore and in the water

When planting, you should have an idea of ​​what crops need to be planted directly in the water, in shallow water and on the banks. This knowledge will ultimately lead to obtaining exactly the result that will please all family members. Even a novice florist will understand all the nuances, using the advice of experienced ones.

What to plant in the coastal zone

When choosing plants around a pond at your dacha, you should consider which ones like moist soil or shallow water. Depending on the location of the reservoir, you should select shade-loving specimens or, conversely, those that prefer bright sun.

There are low and high types. Miniature specimens come in a variety of shapes and colors, so they are more preferable when planted on the shore. They grow over the course of several years. It should be noted that blue hostas prefer shade, while green-colored specimens will thrive in partial shade.

Its narrow leaves grow up to 60–80 cm. It is valued for its appearance, which remains unchanged until mid-winter, but the sedge is cut off in the spring. Prefers shade.

3. Molina.

Gardeners have no debate about which plants to plant near a pond in their dacha. Most agree that cereals are an indispensable attribute of a beautiful coast. Molinia is a perennial with graceful, long, narrow leaves. There are many species with a height of 40 to 150 cm. They differ in color. Blooms for a long time. Loves sunny places, but does not tolerate drought. It is better to plant it solo, surrounded by low crops.

4. Willow loosestrife.

Widely distributed in marshy areas of the Moscow region, from where it can be brought into your garden. Merlin is a bush with narrow leaves up to 150 cm high. Purple inflorescences beautifully shade the water surface in the summer. Unpretentious. Loves moist soil and partial shade.

Suitable for large bodies of water, as it is valued for its volume. Blooms in May. Unpretentious. Frost-resistant. For spring decoration, you can plant daffodils, irises, and primroses at the foot. Loves partial shade.

This is an ideal plant for a pond in the garden. There are many types of fern, but all of them will feel great on the shore, as they love moist soil. Depending on the species, the pattern of leaves differs, the height of which is from 30 cm to 1.5 m. There are evergreen specimens. It is better to plant not at a close distance from each other, as they grow up to 3 m. They are moisture-loving. Prefers shade.

Gardeners love astilbe for its carved leaves and beautiful head of flowers. Depending on the type, the height varies from 40 cm to 2 m. Low types are used in landscape design. Loves moist soil and partial shade.

What plants will take root in shallow water?

Ready-made forms of ponds are produced with special pockets in which it is easy to plant moisture-loving flowers. They perfectly cover the unsightly edge of the plastic. When selecting plants for an artificial pond made of concrete and film, it is also important to consider specimens that prefer shallow water.

For a large reservoir, marsh calamus, reaching 1 m in height, is suitable. For the small ones - calamus up to 40 cm high. They are distinguished by long sword-shaped leaves with a frill along the edge. It blooms in early summer. Inflorescence – spadix. Not particularly beautiful, but recognizable. Loves the sun.

Whitewing is a poisonous plant

One of the favorite plants for a pond in the country, the photo of which is pleasing to the eye. Gardeners prefer it for its unpretentiousness and large leaves. The whitewing grows quickly, so it is planted in a container or pot, and then placed in water, but not deep. It blooms in May–June with a large cob on which red poisonous berries are formed.

Some types of irises grow well in shallow water, reaching a height of 80–120 cm. The flowers are purple. It is important for the plant to be exposed to sunlight for 5–7 hours during the day.

A small perennial up to 10 cm high. Grows quickly. There are similarities with clover. Unpretentious. Withstands frosts.

Creeping plant up to 50 cm high. Grows quickly. Blooms in summer with lilac inflorescences. When rubbed, a characteristic mint aroma is heard.

What to choose for planting in water

When choosing a plant for a pond in your country house, you need to understand that aquatic flowers should not occupy the entire surface. The individual green islands look very nice. Aquatic specimens vary in depth and are planted in containers. The pots are easy to rearrange if you want to change the design.

Deep-sea include:

There are many legends about the nymph, because she is truly beautiful. Flowering begins in summer and ends in late autumn. There are frost-resistant varieties. Large leaves, flowers 10–15 cm in diameter. There are hybrid species with flowers of 2.5 cm. Planted at a depth of 1 m.

Its inflorescences rise above the water and emit a vanilla aroma. Grows up to half a meter. The plant is winter-hardy and unpretentious. The original leaves attract attention.

Those floating on the water surface include:

Often used for decoration. Leaves up to 5 cm in diameter. The flowers are inconspicuous, white, and die quickly. Watercolor overwinters well at the bottom, and in the spring it rises and blooms again.

Looks like small ferns. Attracts gardeners with its miniature size. It quickly covers the water surface like a carpet, so it needs to be caught periodically. Looks original, loves the sun. In winter, it is better to remove it from the pond, as it does not tolerate frost.

You can choose a variety of crops for decoration, but we must not forget about care throughout the year. In summer, it comes down to watering and trimming dead leaves. Also, many are faced with the appearance of duckweed and small algae, which must be removed. In winter, it is better to remove many containers from the water and put them in the basement.

Calla palustris

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Whitewing, or calla(lat. Calla) - a genus of perennial shade-tolerant wetland or coastal herbaceous plants of the Araceae, or Aronicaceae ( Araceae). The genus is the only representative of the subfamily Calloidae and includes only one type - Swamp whitewing (Calla palustris L.).

Habitat: Temperate to tropical regions throughout the northern hemisphere. It is found in many regions of Ukraine, Russia, from Europe to Siberia and the Far East.

Whitewing is a marsh plant that lives along the marshy banks of reservoirs and rivers, in swampy and damp places. It is grown as an ornamental plant and used in landscape design.

This is a perennial herbaceous plant with creeping or recumbent shoots 10-25 cm high. The rhizome is green, jointed, creeping, hollow and thick; spreads along the surface of the soil. Branches; at the nodes fibrous adventitious roots extend from it.

The leaves are solitary, on long petioles, alternate, oval-heart-shaped, with pointed ends and a smooth edge. The leaf blade is thick, shiny, 6-14 cm long, 5-11 cm wide, with pinnate-arcuate venation, ovate-heart-shaped, drawn-pointed at the apex; dense green on top and paler on the underside. The petiole, up to 1 cm thick, extends above the base of the membranous vagina, the upper part of which protrudes freely, forming a large tongue. On dried material, the petiole often turns yellow or orange.

The flowers are unisexual, small, up to 1 cm, without a perianth, collected in dense inflorescences-cobs on a thick vertical branch, surrounded by a leaf-spread, green on the outside and white on the inside. The spathe turns green after the flowers are pollinated and serves for additional photosynthesis. The height of the inflorescence is equal to the length of the leaf. Flowering time is from May to July.

The fruits are small (6-8 mm in diameter), bright red juicy berries, ripen a month after flowering, form a cylindrical cob. Fruits in late August.

Location: if you plant it in a sunny place in calm water, its shiny heart-shaped leaves up to 20 cm wide will completely cover the banks of the pond, so it is recommended to plant it in garden ponds with a hard surface. Tolerates temporary drying of the reservoir.

The soil: Requires silty or clayey, nutritious soil.

Landing: planted to a depth of 5-10 cm. To avoid water blooms, the plant can be planted not in mesh containers, but in ordinary pots or containers with holes only at the bottom. Such a container is filled with soil, which is covered with a 2-centimeter layer of oily clay on top to prevent nutrients from being washed out into the water. The plants will grow, and some of them will hang outside the container, where the additionally formed roots will receive nutrients from the water, improving its quality.

Description: perennial herbaceous polycarpic plant with a horizontal white rhizome, 0.8-2 cm in diameter, branching sympodially. Swamp whitewing is a poisonous plant. The leaves and fruits are especially poisonous.

Dimensions: height up to 50 cm.

Leaves: basal, large, broadly heart-shaped, with arcuately diverging veins, pointed, shiny, entire-edged, long-petiolate.

Flowers: collected in an oblong-cylindrical inflorescence-cob. The flowers are white. Has some similarities with calla lilies.

Flowering period: in May - June.

Fruit: bright red multi-seeded fleshy berry. At the end of summer, the cob with fruits is immersed in water. Fruits in July - August.

Winter hardiness zone: winter hardiness zone 4.

Lighting requirements: grows best and looks most decorative in sunny places; tolerates slight partial shade.

Soil requirements: prefers to grow in a calm, shallow body of water or near a body of water, on clay or silty, slightly acidic soils.

Usage: group or single plantings. The plant is used for growing in artificial ponds and reservoirs. Looks very impressive during mass flowering. Suitable for landscaping the shores of shallow waters.

Features of agricultural technology: The plant should be constantly thinned out, and its excess shoots should also be cut off. Planted to a depth of 5-10 cm.