Rescue of an old wooden house: repair or replacement of the foundation. Strengthening and repairing the old foundation of a wooden house with your own hands! Methods of repair work, regarding types of foundation

Each, even the most high-quality foundation, eventually needs restoration. The need to perform this method of restoring a house is evidenced by its uneven shrinkage, destruction or cracking. We will consider how to restore the foundation of a wooden house further.

Reasons for repairing the foundation of a wooden house

The need to repair the foundation in a wooden house is most often seen visually. Already at first glance at the house, its warp, deformation or deflection in a certain area is visible. In this case, the foundation of the building cannot cope with the load placed on it and needs additional reinforcement.

In addition, during operation, many factors affect the foundation, such as high humidity, temperature fluctuations, precipitation, soil heaving. Under their influence, the properties and structure of the foundation itself change, and there is a risk of reducing the duration of the operation of the building itself.

Also, another reason for restoring the foundation of a wooden house is a technologically incorrectly made foundation, not adhering to certain rules when arranging the foundation. The use of low-quality cement mortar, non-compliance with the humidity or temperature conditions of pouring, incorrect calculations - these facts are the main reasons for the destruction of the foundation after the first winter of its operation.

In addition, the foundation of a wooden house needs restoration due to its old age, in the event that a certain period of its operation comes to an end.

In any case, before starting work, you should visually inspect the house for any defects. If the main part of the house gradually sags into the ground, then it is enough to perform a partial restoration. Those sections of the foundation that were subject to decay or destruction should be replaced with new ones or reinforced with additional reinforcing elements. Keep in mind that it is unrealistic for one person to cope with such work. Since it may be necessary to have special equipment to raise the body of the building. Concrete blocks or bricks will help build up an additional section of the foundation.

If the house shows significant signs of its destruction or cracking of the walls, then it will be necessary to carry out work aimed at completely restoring the foundation of the house. It is preferable to entrust this process to specialists, although it is also possible to perform it independently. The main rule for the successful restoration of the foundation is to determine the cause of its destruction and apply the correct restoration technology.

And in order to determine the method of restoring the foundation, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the varieties of foundations made for the construction of wooden houses.

Foundation repair under a wooden house: types of foundations for a wooden house

1. The foundation is tape.

This foundation option is the most popular, especially when it comes to shallow foundations. The strip foundation is distinguished primarily by high strength characteristics and excellent rigidity. For its arrangement, a continuous trench is dug under the building under its load-bearing walls and partitions, its width along the entire length is the same, but the depth is determined by many factors, among which we note:

• the type of soil on which the house is being built;
• the amount of groundwater and its level;
• building weight, number of floors;
• type of roof, wall, floor finish, etc.

In relation to the depth of soil freezing, the strip foundation can be deep and shallow. The first option is based on the fact that the depth of the foundation necessarily exceeds the level at which the soil freezes. The construction of a deep foundation will cost much more than a shallow foundation.

Under the construction of a wooden house, the second option is most often used - a shallow strip foundation. It has the appearance of a solid, but T-shaped structure that can withstand moderate loads over a long service life. Thus, the foundation is located at a shallow depth, which means that the heaving force of the soil affects it to a small extent. The depth of arrangement of a shallow foundation is 30-80 cm. At the same time, the cost of the amount of reinforcement and concrete mortar for pouring the trench is significantly reduced.

This foundation is relevant for moisture-saturated and heaving soil. To reduce the depth of soil freezing, part of the soil near the foundation is additionally insulated. A shallow-depth strip foundation is an ideal option for a wooden house, as it is able to ensure its high-quality operation for more than a hundred years.

2. Foundation on piles.

The second most popular option is the pile-grillage type foundation. This option is relevant if the walls of the house are very light, and the topsoil does not withstand a significant load. For example, if the groundwater is laid at a fairly high level, there are swells on the soil, or sudden changes in temperature in winter.

In this case, it is recommended to install piles to a depth of more than 200 cm. Thus, it is possible to reduce the risk of damage to the foundation in the winter season. Installation of piles is carried out on the corner parts of the building and at the intersection of its load-bearing walls. It is also recommended to install additional piles under sections of heavy or load-bearing walls. The optimal spacing between piles is 150-200 cm. There are several options for making such a foundation - the use of monolithic piles, asbestos or concrete piles with additional reinforcement. The most suitable option for a wooden house is a pile foundation with fixed formwork. In addition, as part of such a foundation there are beams called grillages. They create a rigid structure, which is located 100-150 mm above the ground. Compared with the strip foundation, the pile version requires significantly less time and material investments for its construction.

Another type of pile foundation is screw piles. They are installed if the site has a certain slope. In order not to waste time on its alignment, a special technique is used with which screw piles are installed.

3. Monolithic option - the most reliable, but the most expensive.

This type of foundation is characterized by a rigid structure in the form of a reinforced concrete slab, which is located under the entire house along its perimeter. Such a foundation is built only if it is impossible to equip the two previous options. If the soil on the site has poor bearing capacity, not only in the upper, but also in the lower layers, then it is necessary to fill in a monolithic foundation.

With the help of such a foundation, it is possible to significantly level the surface both horizontally and vertically. Please note that without fail, the foundation slab must be reinforced. Otherwise, the duration of operation of such a foundation will be halved.

Do-it-yourself wooden house foundation repair

To begin with, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the guide for repairing the strip foundation of a wooden house. In order to take any action, you must first expose the foundation. Dig a trench along the perimeter of the entire building, up to half a meter wide, and deep enough to open the lower part of the foundation.

With uneven subsidence of the house, it is enough to strengthen only those places in which the house sank. If the above measures did not help, then you will have to restore the foundation completely.

Partial restoration of the strip foundation consists in the removal of its previously crumbling parts. Further, a hole is drilled in the foundation, and reinforcement or anchor connections are installed in it. If you chose the second option, then after installing the anchors, connect them to the reinforcement using welding. Next, the trench is filled with a liquid concrete composition. It is preferable to work in sections of 150-200 cm. Install small jumpers between them. You should not rush to fill the entire trench, as the concrete will gradually soak into the damaged areas of the foundation. Each of the poured sections is connected to the previous one with the help of reinforcing bars. Thus, pouring the soil with concrete mortar for a while helps prevent subsidence of the soil.

Repair of the foundation of a wooden house photo:

If the building sags evenly, then it is preferable to build a continuous belt around the perimeter of the entire foundation, about 25 cm deep, which is reinforced with reinforcement and poured with high-quality concrete mortar.

In this case, a drainage system in the form of a sand and gravel cushion is arranged at the bottom of the pit. Further, the old masonry is subjected to general reinforcement with a continuous steel mesh. After the final filling of the trench is completed, the size of the foundation increases and it acquires additional strength. On the basement, it is imperative to install ebbs.

Repairing the foundation of an old wooden house with an uneven skew in one of the parts is more difficult to perform. To do this, you will need to attract special equipment that will raise the house in the right place. Most often, hydraulic jacks are used to raise the house, under which bars or steel profiles are placed that perform a supporting function.

It is recommended to remove all kinds of utensils and heavy objects from the house before lifting it. In some cases, windows and doors are even removed in the house. In order not to damage the roof of the building, wall decoration or floor, the process is carried out very slowly, while four corners of the house rise at once, approximately 4-5 cm. Then insurance is placed under the house and the process continues.

The formwork is set in relation to the hydraulic level. The old foundation masonry is subject to mandatory reinforcement. At the same time, the reinforcement is connected to the foundation with a new coating. After the foundation has been poured, in some cases a brick base is laid, although it is possible to return the house directly to reinforced concrete. Please note that the installation of waterproofing between the basement and the house itself is mandatory.

Repair of the foundation of a wooden house price: pile foundation restoration technology

The repair of a pile-type foundation is carried out in the same cases as the restoration of a strip foundation. The cost of repairing the foundation of a wooden house depends on its individual characteristics, the degree of destruction and many other factors.

If piles are used as a foundation for a wooden house, then in case of cracking, care should be taken to strengthen the pillars. For this, they are processed with a concrete reinforced belt.

In the event that it is impossible to repair them in this way, it will be necessary to raise the structure and lay out new pillars.

If the piles have characteristic signs of skew, then try to perform work aimed at their complete straightening. At the same time, dig the pile in the opposite position to the warp, try to straighten the pile and fill the hole with concrete mortar, which will help fix the foundation.

If the internal part of the pile has undergone deformation or destruction, it is recommended to replace it completely. Asbestos cement pipes with a diameter of about 20 cm will be an excellent alternative to piles.

To install a pile under the house, you should dig a small groove with a slope in the right direction, run the pipe through it, install it in the right direction and fill it with concrete mortar. Keep in mind that the solution should not only soak the inside of the pile, but also the sand and gravel pad underneath.

Also, the sand and gravel pad should be reinforced with external pouring of concrete mortar. Thus, the bottom of the well will resemble a T-shape. After that, the foundation will acquire additional strength and stability.

Please note that in order for the foundation to serve you as long as possible, it is necessary to carry out a series of works aimed at waterproofing and warming it. Indeed, moisture that enters through microcracks into the inside of the foundation leads to its gradual destruction. The most common way to provide waterproofing is coating. It is performed using bituminous mastic, liquid glass or special penetrating compounds. After the waterproofing is applied to the surface, thermal insulation work is carried out. The best option is heat-insulating boards based on expanded polystyrene or polyurethane foam. The thickness of the material depends on the climatic conditions of the given region and on the required thermal insulation effect.

Repair of the foundation of a wooden house video:

Deformation of buildings and structures during operation is a fairly common occurrence. Therefore, work on the restoration, strengthening or restoration of the foundation is constantly in demand. Among the factors affecting how the foundation will be restored, the design features of the house, the condition of the soil and the equipment of the organization carrying out the work are noted. Today, there are many technologies that justify in detail how to restore the foundation. It depends on the current state of the building, the degree of risk associated with the possible destruction of the foundation, the walls of the house.

There are times when the foundation of an old structure begins to settle and the reason for this is the changes that occur in the ground. In such cases, the foundation must be repaired.

At the first stage, a calculation is made based on geotechnical information. Modern computer technology makes it possible to simulate the most optimal options for reconstruction.

In any case, the chosen technology should ensure long-term operation of the building, taking into account technical loads and ecology.

The environmental aspect is associated with the use of chemical methods of soil reinforcement.

The main reasons for repairing foundations

The main reasons for the destruction of foundations (forces: a - gravity, b - soil resistance, c - frost heaving): 1. Subsidence of the soil; 2. Pushing out the foundation; 3. Frosty swelling; 4. Overturning of the foundation.

Correctly identified cause of the destruction of the foundation of the building directly affects the choice of restoration technology. Numerous laboratories conducted a number of studies that revealed the main causes of the destruction of foundations:

• load increase;
• errors in the design of the building;
• deformation of the masonry due to the loss of its waterproofing properties;
• damage to the plinth or the use of low-quality material for its lining;
• destruction of the blind area or improper location of the waterproofing (below the blind area by 10-15 cm);
• lack of a second waterproofing layer on the base;
• constant development of movements of structures;
• loss of foundation stability due to soil deformation;
• construction next to the old buildings of new ones and the installation of structures at depth (garages, transitions);
• freezing and subsequent thawing of the soil;
• accidents on passing engineering networks in the neighborhood;
• change in groundwater level.

Lack of waterproofing is the easiest reason to eliminate. To do this, it is enough to punch a rectangular hole a couple of bricks high in the basement, level the surface with mortar and put double waterproofing on it. Then lay everything with bricks. Correction of other damages takes time and is associated with large labor costs.

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Types of destruction of the foundation and the main methods of restoration

Strengthening the foundation along the perimeter: 1. sand cushion; 2. old foundation; 3. metal mesh; 4. anchor; 5. place of destruction; 6. formwork; 7. concrete.

1. Leaching of concrete or its crystallization destruction. The reason for this destruction is the constant exposure of the structure to alkaline, salty or soft water. Therefore, the main thing that needs to be done in such a situation is to divert aggressive waters from the house, or at least reduce their level by arranging a drainage system. At the next stage, you need to remove the soil around the foundation to its foundation (grabs, zones of 0.8 m each). Affected areas are thoroughly cleaned. The recesses in the foundation are filled with mortar while the construction of vertical brickwork parallel to the foundation. The brick must be impregnated with bitumen, isolated from the base of the house by means of roofing material. After the repair is completed, the free space is filled with greasy clay.
2. Stratification. The reason for this phenomenon is the lack of dressing in the masonry, its insufficient strength or the appearance of an excessive load due, for example, to the construction of the superstructure. To eliminate such a defect, the foundation is most often restored by filling the cracks with mortar, or it is strengthened by arranging remote beams, on which the load will be redistributed.
3. Height gap. The reason may be the incorrect construction of the foundation (backfilling with freezing soil, prone to swelling); destruction of the blind area, leading to flooding or an increase in the level of groundwater. To eliminate such a defect, it is necessary to remove the intumescent soil around the structure and fill the gap with a solution. The sinuses are covered with non-porous soil, if necessary, the blind area must be restored. To prevent the re-penetration of groundwater and unnecessary repairs, it will be necessary to equip the drainage system.

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Traditional Foundation Strengthening Methods

Image 1. Basic methods of repairing and strengthening the foundation.

Classic repair technologies and are mainly associated with an increase in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe base, as a result of which the pressure on the ground decreases. This is achieved through the arrangement of reinforced concrete clips or banquets, which can be one- or two-sided. Reconstruction work should begin with strengthening the foundation with relief beams. To prevent the threat of a collapse of the wall, it is necessary to dig out the base not entirely, but in grips (separate sections). PICTURE 1 shows the basic methods of how to repair and strengthen the foundation. The numbers indicate:

1. wall;
2. foundation:
3. transverse unloading element (I-beam or channel);
4. groove for key engagement;
5. concrete;
6. longitudinal unloading element (channel, I-beam);
7. anchor bolt;
8. reinforcement frame;
9. monolithic pillow;
10. reinforced concrete beams;
11. bored piles;
12. reinforced concrete beams (tides);
13. reinforced concrete slab (monolith).

• a) simple expansion of the foundation.
• b) expansion with simultaneous deepening.
• c) expansion with reinforced concrete beams.
• d) and e) redistribution of the load from the wall to piles (driven, bored) on both sides (D) or on one side (D).
• f) redistribution of the load on reinforced concrete tides.
• g) alteration of pillows with the arrangement of key connections.

It is necessary to dig out captures through one. Work on a freshly dug area cannot begin until the previous one is buried. The length, the width of the capture usually does not exceed 1 m. If a radical one is required, then it is converted into a tiled one, using reinforcement. In open grips, the soil must be left in its natural state.

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Non-standard way to strengthen or repair the foundation

Image 2. A method of restoring stone foundations.

The essence of the method, strengthening the foundation is to create an overstressed clip, which partially unloads the foundation. This is shown schematically in PICTURE 2. First, the area around (1) is divided into separate grips. On each of them, the foundation of the house is dug up on both sides and the soil is taken out from under the sole. Under it, a reinforced concrete jumper (4) is installed, to which vertical reinforcing bars (5) are welded. Their upper ends are temporarily attached to mounting beams located on the surface. Next, the free space is filled with concrete, creating tides (6). When they harden, consoles (7) are installed, and nuts (8) are screwed onto the rods, thereby producing an overvoltage. When the temporary beams are removed, an overstressed reinforced concrete cage (9) is created, transferring part of the load to the tides.

This method is a patented method that reinforces the old foundation. Its main advantage is an increase in the rigidity of the base, durability, and an increase in the bearing capacity. A reinforced concrete cage is able to protect the foundation from the effects of groundwater. Such a “sarcophagus” compresses the stone base, as a result of which both the foundation and the clip work together. The reconstructed foundation receives a wider sole, its depth increases, the soil is compacted. All this significantly increases the bearing capacity of the foundation of the building.

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Chemical method of strengthening the soil under the foundation

Strengthening the foundation with a double-sided bench: 1 - existing foundation; 2 - bearing beam of the banquet; 3 - unloading beams; 4 - a banquet of monolithic concrete; 5 - reinforcing meshes; 6 - slopes of the pit; 7 - shtraba in the foundation for installing the beam; 8 - crushed stone compaction of the base.

World practice provides for the use of chemical reagents to fix the soil under a building or structure. The technology was developed back in the 60s. The chemical fixation of the soil helps in strengthening the strip base located in the sandy soil. For example, the stage part of the building of the Mariinsky Theater in St. Petersburg was fixed in this way. This method is used in case of design errors, when reinforcement is required for the foundation, because. it is equipped to a shallower depth compared to the freezing point of the soil.

Soil fixation is carried out using urea resin, hydrochloric acid (3% solution). The injection is carried out by means of pumps at a pressure of 0.3 MPa. First, hydrochloric acid is injected, then water, and lastly, urea resin with a density of up to 1.08 g / cu. see However, pumping chemicals into the soil is fraught with a change in the environmental situation for the worse. Therefore, in recent years, most experts refuse this method of soil reinforcement. The exception is silicates, which do not pose a danger to the environment.

Strengthening the foundation with the installation of anchors in the bench: 1 - existing foundation; 2 - shtraba under the beam; 3 - reinforcement beam; 4 - unloading beam; 5 - two-sided "banquet"; 6 - anchor releases of 25-30 mm, l=150 mm; 7 - crushed stone compaction of the base.

The essence of the silicification process is the injection of carbon dioxide into the soil under pressure (this is necessary to activate the mineral particles contained in the soil) and a solution of liquid glass. There is even a silicification method that involves the use of electricity, which increases the amount of gel-like mixture formed.

However, the cheapest method of silicification is to use conventional Portland cement, which consists mainly of hydrous calcium silicate. The essence of the process is the mixing of weak soil with a cement slurry. However, at the household level, such methods of strengthening the foundation are practically not used. In the event of the destruction of the foundation, its repair and strengthening most often involve mechanical methods that allow you to partially or completely replace the foundation of a wooden building or structure.

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Reconstruction of the foundation of a country house

Strengthening the foundation with a monolithic slab: 1 - existing foundation; 2 - reinforcement plate; 3 - streba for embedding the reinforcement frame of the slab; 4 - reinforcement frame for embedding the slab into the wall; 5 - stiffening ribs of the plate; 6 - level of soil development for the slab device; 7 - crushed stone preparation for the slab; 8 - load-bearing wall of the building; 9 - electric welding of the slab reinforcement cages.

The least expensive will be the repair of either an old wooden house or an auxiliary building. Wooden posts called chairs are used as pillars. First you need to partially disassemble the base and dig a pit near the chair to be replaced. Nearby, at a distance of about 1 m, a temporary support is made. Now it is necessary to hang the wall with a jack (lifting at least 10 tons) or a powerful lever so that the lower crown comes out of the spike of the old chair. At the same time, a temporary support, higher, is brought under the wall. It remains to install a new chair; it is better if it is brick or concrete.

Repair, reinforcement, replacement of part of the brick, will require the preparation of a solution. The weakened sections are replaced one by one. In this case, one of the possible ways to strengthen or repair the foundation of the house is used.

With an increase in the load on the load-bearing walls, the foundation is simply expanded, increasing its area. To do this, pits are dug on both sides and the old foundation is partially hollowed out from the sides. This is done in order to ensure a monolithic connection of the new foundation of the house and the old one. A sand cushion is poured onto the ground, and everything is filled with mortar. Sometimes, for greater strength, reinforcement in the form of large diameter bars (15-20 mm) is inserted into the old foundation. They can be reinforced on each side or pass through the base. In the latter case, care must be taken, otherwise too large holes can lead to destruction.

Strengthening the foundation due to the monolithic clip: 1 - the existing foundation; 2 - "increasable" reinforcement frame of the foundation; 3 - "shorty" reinforcing steel for connection of reinforcement cages; 4 - electric welding of the working rods of the frame; 5 - monolithic concrete "shirt"; 6 - "key" for exposure of reinforcement; 7 - "shorty" and 3 rods of 12-16 mm; 8 - armored frame of the shirt.

The second option, which involves repairing or strengthening the base, is to expand the area under the sole. This is more labor-intensive work, which cannot be done alone. We will have to dig out the foundation and equip a monolithic reinforced concrete slab under it.

The laying of a new base, its repair or strengthening, restoration begins from weaker places or under walls with openings (doors, windows). After completion of work, it is necessary to carefully compact the soil in order to increase the bearing capacity of the entire foundation. The easiest way to do this is by tamping down layers of crushed stone 10-15 cm. The soil must be compacted until the pebbles begin to break.

If the walls do not seem strong enough, then they are reinforced with metal beams. First, a horizontal line is pierced in the foundation, where an I-beam or channel is inserted. To prevent them from turning out, beams are installed across, for the installation of which through holes are punched in the base of the house. The cross beams are welded to the horizontal ones. The resulting structure is poured with a cement-sand mortar (1: 3).

When dismantling the old masonry, it is necessary to evaluate the further suitability of its individual elements. The simplest way is to evaluate hardness. To do this, run a piece of slate or a piece of asbestos cement over the surface of the buta or brick. If there is no pronounced scratch, then the material is suitable for further use. When selecting a brick, pay attention to its spoon edges: they should not have cracks more than 3 cm deep.

The foundations of even the most solid wood houses are destroyed over time, but there is no need to panic, because it is quite possible to repair the foundation with your own hands, spending a minimum of effort.

The following factors indicate the need for reconstruction, strengthening, repair of damaged and worn parts of the base of a house made of wood:

• settlement of the building - full or partial;
• the formation of gaps and cracks on the walls of the structure, the slope of its roof, door and window openings;
• shrinkage and coloring of the upper elements of the foundation of an old wooden house, a change in the clarity of its vertical and horizontal boundaries, destruction and visible deformation of the supporting posts.

Dilapidated old foundation

If such signs are found, one should immediately begin to restore the foundation of a wooden house - a country house or used for permanent residence. Otherwise, after a while, the building will simply collapse.

Reasons for foundation problems include:

• mistakes that were made at the stage of creating and implementing a house project;
• the impact of nature and the time factor - the initial physical characteristics of any material during operation are inevitably lost;
• the use of low-quality building products and materials;
• significant weighting of the structure of the building - adding a second floor or attic;
• subsidence or displacement of the soil.

The amount of existing damage to the base of a wooden house determines the type of repair. It can be capital or partial. In some cases, it is enough to perform a high-quality strengthening of the old foundation in order to continue to use an environmentally friendly and comfortable home made of wood.

Major repairs are done with significant cracking or destruction of the base.

In this case, the type of foundation should be taken into account. Restoration of columnar, pile foundations is carried out according to one technology, tape - according to completely different ones. More on this later.

First you need to assess the extent of the existing damage. To do this, it is necessary to expose the old foundation - to dig a half-meter ditch around the perimeter of a wooden house. Its depth should be such that you can see with your own eyes the state of the foundation.

Tape foundation repair

If there is a uniform subsidence of the base of a wooden house without any significant distortions, it can be repaired without serious labor and financial costs. Proceed as follows:

1. Remove broken and crumbling pieces of old brick or rubble masonry.
2. Drill small holes in the foundation, drive in them (do the work as carefully as possible) anchors or pieces of reinforcing bars, connect them into one structure by welding.
3. Fill the excavated trench with concrete. This part of the operation is desirable to be done gradually. Feed concrete into the ditch in sections of 120-150 cm, after each portion of the mixture, install partitions and connect them with reinforcing elements to the old base and to each other. Here it is important to achieve high-quality impregnation of the existing strip foundation with a concrete solution. It will not work quickly, get ready for a fairly lengthy process.

After filling the moat with a concrete solution and fully setting, the old house will receive additional support on the ground. In most cases, this is enough to stop the subsidence of the old strip foundation.

When the subsidence of the old masonry occurs evenly, but its appearance is of concern, experts recommend playing it safe and reinforcing the existing base with a 25–30 cm reinforcing belt. Such a reconstruction of the foundation of the house without problems is done by hand.

You need to equip a pillow of gravel and gravel at the bottom of the dug trench (thickness - about 0.2 m), mount according to the height of the base, perform standard reinforcement of the old base. Then pour concrete into the formwork. First, pour one layer, lay a steel continuous mesh on it, then pour the second concrete layer.

As a result of all the measures described, the foundation of a summer cottage or residential house made of wood will become wider and much more massive. Due to this, the erosion of the old tape base will stop. Note! It is mandatory to mount ebbs on a weighted plinth.

If the house shrinks unevenly, it will be more difficult to repair its foundation. You have to raise a wooden house above the ground to level or replace the old foundation. This operation is performed using hydraulic jacks. The algorithm for performing work is as follows:

1. Free your home from all items that can be taken out (household utensils, furniture, and so on). It is also advisable to remove the floor covering (if possible), dismantle doors and windows.
2. Install hydraulic jacks at the corners of the house (optimally, if under all four). Start lifting the building. The process is slow. Raise the house at a time by 3-5 cm, no more. Then neither the roof structure of the residential building, nor the ceiling ceiling, nor the wall surfaces will be destroyed or skewed.
3. Having reached the required lifting height, mount temporary supports under the house. As such, I-beams, channels or wooden blocks of great thickness are usually used. Products should be chosen durable, as the building will rest on them until the end of the house repair.
4. You make a formwork. When doing this, consider the height of the base that you want to get. Install the formwork strictly according to the hydraulic level.
5. Reinforcing the old base. Do not forget that it will need to be connected to the new masonry (the procedure is described above).
6. Pour concrete, wait for it to harden.

After that, the pros advise laying 2-3 rows of brick plinth on the repaired base. And only after that lower the dwelling on the updated foundation. However, it is quite possible to install a house immediately on a fresh reinforced concrete base.

Major foundation repair

Sometimes the lower crown of a wooden house also needs to be replaced. It is this part of the structure that rots in the first place. The operation is simple. You need to carefully sand the new log for the crown, treat it with an antiseptic compound, and then install it in place of the destroyed element.

Important! A tar-based mastic should be applied to the area between the new crown and the plinth, and two sheets of roofing material should be laid on it (another waterproofing agent is also allowed).

Briefly about the options for self-repair of columnar and pile foundations

The foundation for a country house made of wood is often made of piles. Also, buildings can be installed on brick supports. Repair options for such bases are given below:

1. Straightening crooked piles. In this case, you need to return the supports to their original vertical position. You dig from the side opposite to the warp. Then carefully straighten the support element and fill the vacated space in the ground with a mixture of gravel (2 parts) and cement (1 part) mixed with water. The proportions of liquid and cement are 1 to 2.
2. Restoration of brick pillars. If brick support products are affected by erosion or crack as a result of long-term use, they can be restored by constructing a reinforcing concrete belt. Such an operation is similar to the one that we performed when repairing the tape base. If the brick supports are in critical condition, you will have to raise the house and re-lay out the stone pillars.
3. Complete pile replacement. Such an operation is performed in case of destruction or serious deformation of the supporting elements. Raise the house with jacks. Dig a hole and a gutter with an inclination for the place where the new pile is to be installed. Install new support. It is best to use 20 cm asbestos cement pipe products for this. Equip a pillow of gravel and sand in the pit (thickness - 0.2 m). Place the pipe vertically and feed (in small portions) the cement slurry into it.

Then the country house is lowered onto a new pile foundation. It is desirable to further strengthen fresh supports from the outside - just pour the concrete mixture into the well with the asbestos-cement pipe installed.

We hope that our advice will help you to qualitatively repair the foundation of your wooden dwelling.

Foundation repair is a costly and complex undertaking, in order to perform it correctly, you need to know the principle of the device, the causes and signs of foundation destruction. A wooden private house is very common in our area, which is not surprising, because wood is an affordable material, construction costs are relatively low, and the built house will be environmentally friendly and warm. These are the undoubted advantages of a wooden structure. There are also disadvantages, but they do not appear immediately, but after some time of operation.

Most often, the owners of wooden houses are faced with the fact that the house is "bursting at the seams." Windows, doors warp, walls sag, cracks appear. All these visual defects are caused by one reason - the destruction of the foundation. To prolong the life of the house, it is necessary to eliminate this destruction in a timely manner. This will require strengthening or reconstruction of the foundation (restoration), complete (overhaul) or partial (elimination of cracks).

It is worth noting that repairing the foundation of an old wooden house is not an easy undertaking, so it is advisable to entrust it to professionals. But, you can do the work yourself. The main thing here is the time factor. The problem must be fixed as soon as it is discovered.

Reasons for the destruction of the foundation

Before proceeding with a detailed study of how to repair the foundation of a wooden house, you need to figure out what caused its deformation. Two factors can contribute to this:

change in the bearing capacity of the soil. This is due to an increase in the load on the foundation, and hence on the ground under it. The reason may be improper drainage of rain / melt water or an increase in the level of groundwater, which leads to erosion of the soil. The erection of other buildings near the house also increases the load on the soil. As a result, the soil, as it were, is squeezed out from under the foundation of the house, which ultimately can lead to subsidence of the house or its distortion.

loss of strength of the material from which the foundation is made. Among the main reasons are the following: the wrong choice of the type of foundation, the impact of water, the wrong brand of concrete that was used during construction, the incorrect calculation of the depth of soil freezing, and the violation of device technology.

Identifying the cause of foundation failure provides a starting point for research.

Types of deformation of foundations

The second point that needs to be taken into account is the identification of the degree of damage to the foundation. According to the criterion of maintainability, they can be conditionally divided into 4 types.

1. Minimal damage.

These include the partially exfoliated finish of the foundation of a wooden house. Such defects do not significantly affect the bearing capacity of the foundation. In addition, they are visible to the naked eye and are eliminated without any problems.

2. Injuries of moderate severity.

These include the appearance of cracks in the foundation of the house due to subsidence or destruction of the foundation. In this case, you should be more careful, because. crack crack discord. First of all, its direction is determined. As a rule, horizontal cracks in the foundation are the least dangerous, but vertical or zigzag cracks should alert you. It will also be clarified whether the subsidence of the foundation is temporary or is it progressive.

The nature of the destruction can be determined using beacons installed on the crack (see photo).

Plain paper can be used as beacons, but it is worth remembering that when moisture gets in, the paper gets wet and will no longer give a complete picture of the behavior of the crack. Gypsum plasters are suitable for use. But the easiest way is to apply a little putty on the wall and draw a straight line on it with a spatula and make a mark. Such a beacon is good because it breaks at the slightest movement of the surface. Installing a beacon will allow not only to notice the increase in the crack, but to determine the rate of destruction.

Important. The beacon must be installed on a clean, dry wall to prevent its movement. The beacon thickness should not exceed 5 mm.

With temporary subsidence of the foundation, the beacons will remain motionless. Those. there is a high probability that the soil under the foundation has moved a little, taken its place and does not intend to move anymore. Therefore, it is only necessary to carry out routine repairs of cracks in the foundation.

Elimination of cracks:

• widen the crack
• clean it from falling parts and dust;
• treat with a primer;
• seal the seam with a special mixture or cement mortar.

The destruction of lighthouses indicates that the fault in the foundation or wall is increasing. This means that sealing cracks will not help, it's time to take urgent measures - this type of deformation can be classified as catastrophic.

3. Catastrophic damage.

These are foundation defects that can lead to the destruction of the house. Of course, it is desirable to repair the foundation under a wooden house in time, but there are times when the moment is missed.

Then the technology for carrying out repair work will be determined by the type of foundation. The most popular of which are columnar and tape. In each individual case, each owner decides for himself whether he needs to strengthen the foundation or replace it completely.

4. Fatal deformations.

In this case, the state of the foundation is so deplorable that there is nothing to repair. It is usually easier and cheaper to destroy an old house and build a new cottage in its place that meets all the requirements of a modern person.

Repair of the strip foundation of a wooden house is somewhat more complicated, so we will dwell on it in more detail.

Strengthening the foundation of a private house - ways to strengthen

The reinforcement method is chosen when the deformations of the foundation are eliminated, and the soil under its pillow is stable. Or if there is a need for an add-on to the house, and the existing foundation cannot cope with the increasing load.

Strip foundation reinforcement technology - instructions

• dig a trench around the perimeter of the foundation. Its width should be sufficient for comfortable work and take into account the fact that the thickness of the foundation will increase;

• clean the surface of the foundation from the soil;

Advice. You can clean the surface well using a metal brush.

• drill holes. Its diameter should exceed the diameter of the reinforcement by 1 mm. This is necessary for a more dense installation of metal rods;

• hammer the rebar into the holes. Thus, the new foundation will be securely connected to the existing one;

• make a reinforced belt. To do this, reinforcement is welded to the installed pieces;

Advice. It is advisable to weld the reinforcement in only a few places, and carry out the main part of the strapping with wire. Such fastening does not require special skills and tools. But if it is present, the reinforcing belt is not deformed when concrete is poured and hardened.

• formwork is installed;

• concrete is poured. After the concrete has hardened, the formwork is removed, and the reinforced foundation stands for a few more days;

• the waterproofing of the new foundation is being carried out;

• a blind area is made, which will allow water to be diverted from the foundation.

Strengthening the foundation of a wooden house allows you to redistribute the load of the building over a large area. As a result, the foundation will no longer sag or collapse.

Complete replacement of the foundation of the house

Often the foundation sags so much that water can freely flow into the room. In this case, you need to figure out how to raise the foundation of a wooden house? Or the old foundation can no longer cope with the load that falls on it, and then the foundation is reconstructed.

Replacing the foundation under a wooden house - technology

• maximum reduction of constant and variable load on the foundation. To do this, everything that can be taken out of the house is taken out, it is even advisable to dismantle the floor and disassemble the stoves. The exception is furnaces on a separately poured foundation. Naturally, tenants are also evicted for the duration of the renovation;

• load calculation (weight of the house). Weight is easy to determine, having at your disposal data on the density of the wood from which the house is built and the total cubic capacity of the wood used. The cubic capacity is calculated based on the dimensions of the house and the thickness of the walls;

Advice. A small and light wooden house is raised by means of a vag. To do this, the timber 80x80 is started at the corner of the house. Further, the timber rests on a log. By pressing on the beam, you can raise the house like a big lever.

• choosing a jack to raise the house. Depends on the weight of the building, the load capacity of the jack and their number;

• digging pits (trenches). It breaks out around the entire perimeter of the house or only in those places where raising the house is required. Its presence simplifies access to the foundation. In addition, the appearance of water in the pit will make it possible to understand the level of groundwater occurrence;

• housekeeping establishment. In order for the raising of the house to go smoothly, you need to correctly install the jack. It is installed only in reliable places, without destruction and damage;

• house lift. You need to raise the house carefully, slowly, and most importantly evenly;

Advice. To insure yourself in case the jack cannot cope with the load or is installed unsuccessfully, you need to start wooden wedges between the house and the foundation pad. It is advisable to start wedges every 15-20 mm.

Important: to build a foundation for a wooden house, you need to raise the entire structure. Considering that the house is wooden, the maximum load will fall on the lower crowns. To prevent them from sagging, you need to pull off the lower crown with a steel hoop or fill the boards.

• demolition of the old foundation. If the budget is very limited, and the condition of some parts of the foundation is satisfactory, then partial disassembly can be performed, i.e. remove only the destroyed foundation. However, the cost of work from this will not decrease significantly, but the quality of work may suffer;

Advice. It is necessary to dismantle the old foundation to the ground.

• arrangement of a sand-cement cushion for the future foundation. Despite the fact that the foundation is laid under the finished house, the pillow is an important part of it;

• installation of concrete or brick supports in the corners of the house. It is also possible to install piles. They will reduce the load on the foundation in the future. The height of the support is equal to the height of the new foundation;

• reinforcement. After the columns are installed, the reinforcement is installed. The reinforcing belt will give the foundation strength. We remind you that his armored belt for the foundation is carried out using wire, not welding;

• formwork installation;

• pouring concrete. The foundation must stand for several days to gain strength. After that, the formwork is removed, and the foundation is left open for another 1-2 days;

• waterproofing. To protect the wood of the house from decay, lay a layer of waterproofing on the foundation. Roofing material is excellent for these purposes;

• lowering the house. The house is sinking as slowly as it rose;

• Finishing work. This includes complete waterproofing, cladding, drainage and blind area.

It can be seen from the description that replacing the foundation under a wooden house is a rather risky and time-consuming undertaking, for the implementation of which it is advisable to invite specialists.

How the house is raised and moved to a new foundation in practice can be seen at

Using the methods described above, you can repair the strip foundation of a wooden house. But what about those who have a columnar foundation?

Repair of the columnar foundation of a wooden house - technology

• the house rises to the calculated height. The height should be sufficient to carry out the work and at the same time not contribute to the strong sagging of the lower crown.

• tilted poles are dismantled. It is worth noting that the dilapidated support pillar must be removed, and the tilted one is simply leveled.

• soil is selected at the installation site of new pillars. We remind you that the poles are installed at the corners of the building and at the junction / intersection of the walls.

• a sand-cement cushion is arranged under the pole.

• column is being reinforced.

• concrete is poured.

• steel or wooden beams are being installed, which take on the entire load from the weight of the house and transfer it to the poles.

• the building goes down.

If you need to replace one or two pillars, you can do it as follows. In the place where the pole is installed, which is to be replaced, a tunnel is made. The tilt angle is 35°. A pipe is inserted into it and filled with a solution. After solidification, the old pillar is removed and the new one is leveled. The process is more clearly shown in the photo.

It is worth noting that the repair or complete replacement of a pile foundation is much easier and faster than a strip foundation and takes only a few days, after which the house can be operated normally.

Repair of brick and rubble foundation - replacement with a monolith

In times of total scarcity, i.e. during the construction of the main part of the houses, the foundations were built of brick (both strip and columnar). Due to the fragility, repairing the brick foundation of a wooden house usually involves replacing the brickwork with a more durable material - concrete. This reinforcement technology is applicable to the foundation of rubble stone. The method was described on the forum "House and Dacha" and judging by the reviews, the technique has shown itself well in practice.

To carry out repairs, you will need

1. concrete mortar
2. fittings
3. Corner for the manufacture of supports
4. Jacks for lifting a house with a lifting capacity of 20 tons.

Dismantling of the old rubble (or brick) laying of the foundation We dismantle the old rubble (or brick) laying of the foundation in small sections of half a meter.

The released fragments at the base of the house are needed to install the jack and further transfer the weight of the house to the metal supports.

The device of the base plate for the jack In place of the destroyed base, a base plate for the jack is made. The platform must be strong and stable, poured from concrete with mandatory reinforcement.

Hanging a house with jacks Hanging a house with jacks It is necessary to lift alternately in all openings.

Transferring the weight of the house to a metal support When the house is hung out, it is necessary to install supports that are pre-welded from the corner, on which we lower the house.

External formwork and concrete pouring Upon completion of the reinforcement, the external part of the formwork is installed and concrete is poured.

Thus, the foundation is being replaced under the wooden house.

After reading this article, you have gained an idea of ​​how to repair a damaged foundation, how to strengthen the foundation of a wooden house, and in what cases it must be completely replaced. Using this information, you will gain sufficient knowledge to do the work yourself.

Repair of the foundation of a wooden house - strengthening, reconstruction and replacement of the old foundation with your own hands - My Life

Repairing the foundation of a wooden house - strengthening, reconstructing and replacing the old foundation with your own hands Repairing the foundation is a costly and difficult undertaking to do it right,

"The house is bursting at the seams!" - such an emotional statement can often be heard both from the owners of country cottages and small garden houses that were built a long time ago. Inconspicuous small cracks first appear on the walls and basement of the building, which become larger and larger over time and “capture” all new surfaces. The appearance of such cracks serves as the first alarming “bell” warning the owner that it is time to make repairs to the foundation. This is not an easy task, but in this article we will try to talk about how to repair and reconstruct the old foundation with our own hands.

1. Causes
2. Working with waterproofing
3. We carry out repair work
4. Video

When is a repair needed?

The following signs on the building will help you understand how serious repairs are to the foundation of the house:

1. Distortions of doorways and window frames, which cause problems with opening and closing.
2. The appearance of new and a significant increase in the size of old cracks on the surfaces of the walls.
3. Annual flooding of the basement or cellar with melt water in the spring.
4. Destruction or severe cracking of the foundation.
5. Changing the position of stairs and porch.

It is worth noting that not in all cases, these signs indicate the need to repair the foundation of a private house with your own hands. If the building was erected not very long ago or some construction work was carried out next to it, then cracks may show normal "shrinkage" or be a sign of minor shifts in the base.

In order not to start panicking prematurely and save up money for repairs, you should check the rate of crack divergence. The method is simple and not very expensive: you need tissue paper or a paper napkin, on which the date of installation of such a beacon is indicated, and are glued to the crack. Then we observe how long the paper will tear. The less time it takes for the house to "tear" the paper, the more urgent the resuscitation work of the foundation should become.

Most homeowners, realizing that the foundation of a wooden house or built from any other material, needs repair, they wonder what reasons caused its damage.

The main causes of damage

The destruction of the supporting structure and the foundation of the house can occur due to such factors:

• foundation depth was insufficient for this region;
• wrong choice of the type and materials of the foundation for the soils present on the site;
• incorrect calculation of technical characteristics and parameters;
• serious technological violations during construction;
• the use of low-quality or inappropriate building materials;
• the building was completed and rebuilt, as a result of which the maximum load on the structure was exceeded;
• construction work was carried out near the house, which led to significant ground movements;
• destruction of materials due to aging;
• incorrect location of waterproofing or its complete absence;
• change in the level or volume of ground or groundwater;
• the site on which the building is located has been or is being exposed to natural hazards such as earthquakes, landslides or floods.

Types of jobs

Today, there are many ways and techniques to reconstruct and strengthen the old foundation. It's no secret that houses are built from a variety of materials, such as brick, artificial and natural stone, wood, reinforced concrete, and on various types of foundations. Strengthening the supporting structure of each type of structure is done in a certain way. Repair and reconstruction of the foundation of an old wooden house will require lifting the entire structure into the air, and then laying the foundation. This method is not suitable for buildings built of brick or concrete.

"Ambulance" construction assistance

In the event that it is necessary to make an emergency repair of the old foundation under the house, we take the following actions:

1. Rupture of the soil to open the base in the place where the crack or cracks are most actively expanding, or in the place of subsidence or "collapse".

2. Dig a hole to the ground at an angle of 35 ° and, using a metal or asbestos pipe, pump in a solution of liquid concrete. Pour the solution until it is no longer absorbed. After one or two hours, you will need to repeat the download. This procedure is carried out 2-3 times in a day or two.

3. Install paper test beacons on the crack. In the event that the paper is torn and the subsidence of the base continues, it will be necessary to perform circular concreting of the foundation.

4. If everything is fine, then we close the open place of the structure with soil and carefully tamp it down.

We restore waterproofing

The easiest way to repair the waterproofing of the foundation is injection. When using it, special injection solutions are introduced through specially drilled holes in concrete, penetrating to a depth of one and a half meters. In the process of their interaction with the moisture in the base, swelling occurs and, thus, the pores are closed. This stops the flow of moisture from the surrounding soil into the foundation.

How to make repairs on their own?

Of course, it also happens that the causes of deformation and destruction of the base can be force majeure circumstances, such as, for example, constant and increasing flooding due to the construction of new multi-storey buildings or extensive soil landslides. It is very difficult to cope with these independently from the technical side, and quite costly from the material side. In all other cases, with effort and spending time, you can repair and strengthen the strip foundation, and any other, on your own.

We repair the strip foundation

In modern construction, this type of foundation is used most often. According to its characteristics, it is an integral structure, however, it is allowed to exceed the permissible loads on its individual sections. Heaving soils can have a serious deforming effect, as a result of which the foundation of the building is skewed. In this case, the repair of the strip foundation on your own should be started in order to balance the forces acting on it. The easiest way is to increase the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe entire base of the house. All work begins to be carried out from the place where the greatest roll is observed and is carried out in stages:

1. A section of the wall about two meters is outlined and a trench is dug near it, so deep that the lowest point of the damaged structure is one meter higher than it.

2. Clean the base freed from soil and the aerial part of the base from dirt, layers of plaster or paint.

3. All cleaned surfaces are treated with a deep penetration primer.

4. Anchors are screwed into pre-prepared holes in the damaged area. Vertically, the number of rows cannot be less than three, and horizontally, the distance between elements varies from 60 to 120 cm.

5. A reinforcing mesh of metal rods with a diameter of 10 to 14 mm is welded to the fixed anchors.

6. A concrete solution is pumped into the cavities formed due to the destruction.

7. If the damage to the base is quite extensive, then it will have to be installed at a distance of 7-15 cm from the boundaries of the old formwork base, which will need to be filled with concrete mortar.

8. After the concrete has completely dried, a waterproofing layer is fixed on it.

9. The trench is filled with soil in layers, ramming each layer.

Such work will have to be carried out rather quickly, since from a long idle time of the foundation in the open, more intensive subsidence of the structure occurs.

What is the price?

The following factors affect the cost of repairing a destroyed or deteriorating foundation:

• base type;
• funds for the purchase of building materials;
• the price of the repair and installation works themselves.

Restoring a strip foundation under a wooden house will cost about 4,000 rubles per 1 m2, and the cost of repairing the same meter, but at the base of the piles, will “pour out” twice as much - 8,000 rubles.

Foundation Repair

Postponement of foundations is not only characteristic of new, but often already established structures. This is due to various hydrological and physical-mechanical changes in the lower layers of the soil, which reduces its carrying capacity. In addition, soil properties may change if construction work is carried out near the house.

The first sign of precipitation are cracks in the scene. But do not be afraid right away, in almost any case, you can fix the basics with your own hands.

Expectations start at the base of the base stone and sometimes build up over time, reducing the base's stability and performance.

However, sinking can often become temporary, as usually a slight sag on rock finds new, more stable support.

But if the dive continues, it is better not to hesitate with repairs.

To determine the presence and speed of movement, paper lamps with the date of their installation are attached to the cracks.

Their quick break will confirm the need for foundation repairs.

Do it:

1. pull under the base tilted herd at a 35° angle to the bottom of the layer;
2. Asbestos is inserted into a hole or a metal tube with a diameter of 15-20 carriers is poured into a thin cement or concrete mixture until the ground under the base foundation is completely satisfied (the solution is poured for 1 hour);
3. After 1-2 days, the procedure is repeated.

After that, fix the beacon cracks and wait for the result.

If the dive continues, then the technology for correcting the foundations of further strengthening is as follows:

1. on the periphery of the foundations, a 20 * 35 cm ditch is dug, in which wooden boards are placed in the form of a tree;
2. lay metal seams in the seams of the old basement and weld them together with the reinforcement, thus creating a reinforced belt;
3. Pour the concrete into the panel with a small charge of crushed stone or gravel.

An example of fundamental cracks

As a result, a reinforced concrete ring around the perimeter of the house, which should significantly strengthen its load capacity, must be used to evenly distribute the load capacity of the structure horizontally, thereby stopping the leveling.

Such repair of a broken foundation is used if cracks in the blind zone come from all sides of the building.

Ways to repair old house foundations

If one (or more) is on the same side, all of the listed jobs are only done with the problem.

Similarly, the repair of the foundation column is carried out, performing these works along the perimeter of each column.

Advice! Positioning between every two columns under concrete cast metal, reinforced concrete, or timber beams, as if connecting both columns, can greatly increase load capacity.

Fix the foundation of a wooden house

Repairing the foundations of a wooden house is perhaps the simplest version of this type of work.

Built according to old technology, the foundations in such houses often go quite far, which leads to the slope of the house.

In this case, a minor repair of the foundation will not be useful, so you need to build a new one. Fortunately, with a wooden house, this is a very feasible task that can be solved without demolishing a private wooden house.

If you want to replace the foundation, you must completely unload it.

This is done in the following way:

1. pull literally all the objects in it out of the house, remove the soil, minimize the weight of the house;
2. under a canopy with a pitch of 2-2.5 m from lead steel or reinforced concrete beams, which are under the corresponding hole sizes;
3. The beams are evenly lifted by hydraulic connections and supported by pre-prepared temporary supports;
4. replace the foundation and after installing the waterproofing, lower the structure into place.

To restore the foundation of an old wooden house, care must be taken to replace old rotten crowns.

The procedure for lifting a wooden house with trailers

A little about whirlwinds

Currently, screw pilots are very often used as an alternative to conventional concrete bases.

According to their characteristics, purchases are no worse, but the total costs are about three times cheaper.

In addition, helmets can be easily installed (can be installed by hand) and last at least 100 years without changing their physical properties.

The bases can be repaired independently by screw pilots, which is only true for wooden houses, which, as we already know, are not very problematic.

Installation technology for propeller pilots is as follows:

1. depending on the type of soil that is below the house, the depth of freezing, the calculated mass load is selected of the appropriate type (according to GOST) and the number of pilots;
2. under the raised house, freed from the former foundation, mark the location of the load-bearing walls in the form of a grid and on its periphery, as well as at intersections in the intended place for screwing each pile;
3. in certain places, using special equipment or manually using a set of levers, rotate the piles below the floor level at the same height;
4. then the bonded spacer after sanding the section using a specially selected threshold (larger or smaller cross-section depending on the load), thus creating an actual iron grate channel built to match the shape of the walls of the house;
5. Lower the house onto the prepared grill.

For weak soils that are subject to constant flooding, for wooden, wooden and wooden houses, the base for the pilots is the best option.

The house was built on the basis of propeller pilots

Repair of waterproofing foundations

To repair the foundations of a brick house should also be when water appears in the basement, cellar or underground.

This indicates a violation of the waterproofing of the foundations and / or plinth, which may adversely affect their integrity.

Two types of waterproofing:

First, the use of a cast asphalt pad on the surface of the second cylinder is made from material (roofing, waterproofing, breeze, etc.) that are glued together with the same joint.

For insulation, also use cement (made of special cement) or asphalt concrete plaster.

Oaklechnaya and paint waterproofing are carried out both on vertical surfaces and on horizontal surfaces.

Vertical insulation is mounted on the wall, directly on the ground (down to the level of an empty surface or sidewalk).

The horizontal one serves to protect the walls of the house and the basement from floor moisture that penetrates from the bottom of the basement of a common or country house.

In undisputed buildings, in the basement, above the pavement level or an empty area of ​​200 mm, in basement houses, horizontal waterproofing is arranged on two levels:

1. in the basement floors;
2. in the basement, above the level of the sidewalk or blind surface.

For those who renovate apartments, the fund is not so important, as it is practically not a matter of cracks and pumping, and in the event of such a problem, the municipal authorities will solve it.

According to the materials of the site: http://fundament-expert.ru

Reconstruction of the foundations of a wooden house and its insulation

Reconstruction of the foundations of a wooden house is necessary in cases where the lower walls of the walls and the foundation of the building have become inapplicable.

Such negative points can be found in a house that has served its owner for many years.

It is based on an old wooden house

Today, the craftsmen are ready to offer the owners of wooden houses, whose support has become useless, two opportunities for renovation.

The first option is valid if the magazines below are located directly on the floor.

In this case, at the corners of the house, they are glued to the corner of the gears. This procedure is performed by hand drilling.

The fittings are inserted into the hole. which is then poured with concrete (you need to bet on a long hammer, it should cover above the surface).

Thus, we get the appearance of a pile. Movements rotate through every meter.

Use three connectors to raise a corner and part of a wall. After that, the pilots that stick to the surface are bent and welded together. After completing the entire entire circumference, we will continue to excavate all of the old substrate, and then pour the concrete.

In the second case, the use of reinforcement is not guaranteed. In case the foundation of the house is really very bad in the corners, and a cave breaks out in the middle of the wall.

In most cases, they are 50x50 in size.

After this, we pour concrete into dug wells. Such "pedestals" will serve as the basis for the ports through which the house will grow. The connections are replaced with bricks, the panel is laid out and the strip foundation is poured out.

Today we will consider in more detail the second version of the reconstruction.

Characteristics of reconstruction

Initially, it should be noted that the tape is the foundation for the reconstruction of wooden houses from very well established.

I would like to mention that all activities are carried out exclusively by an expert.

This is mainly due to the fact that the separation of the log from the surface is overloaded with many shades. If you ignore even one of them, you can destroy the structure of the whole house, this can lead to its destruction.

Connections and load capacity must be used to carry out the unloading of the house from the surface, which must be selected according to the size and area of ​​the house.

The connection criteria and the scheme of measures taken are selected based on an analysis of the condition of the lowest crowns and the condition of the old base.

Preparing places for trailers

They decided on technologies, got acquainted with the master, they made an analysis - it's time to start the main work.

Do the work in the following order:

• Selection of points under the nest;
• Partial dismantling of the old substrate at selected points;
• If necessary, organize specific "pedestals";
• Socket installation.

After the completion of these activities, we continue to take major measures.

Repair of the foundations of a wooden house is carried out according to the following technology.

Reconstruction technology

Technology is the layout of a monolithic structure.

• After installing the connectors, we begin to accurately raise the frame;
• The damaged parts of the old site are dismantled after it.

  In such areas, the coated and reinforcing bonding equipment has an old structure that has survived through survival;

• All molded formwork is poured with concrete. If something is bad, and almost everything is destroyed, then it is advisable to restore it in parts. Remember the inner frame of the armature;
• Building a house falls on the foundation only if the concrete gets all its strength.

At the final stage of the reconstruction, another important event will be carried out: the introduction of thermal insulation of the new base.

How to isolate the foundations of a wooden house?

Do not pay due attention to this issue, you have a dangerous cold floor and discomfort in the house in winter.

So far, they have been invented and successfully used for thermal insulation:

Heater - earth, expanded clay

This is the cheapest way of heating, and at the same time it is the most difficult process, since large lands are needed for its implementation.

For a 100 square meter house, you need almost 100 cubic meters of land.

Yes, the cost of land is not very good, but the quality characteristics of such insulation are far from perfect.

Using it as a ceramic insulation will cost you a little more. But in this case, you will get better insulating properties compared to the ground.

This insulation process is also associated with high physical stress, so a third insulation method, polyurethane foam, is ideal.

Insulation - polyurethane foam

Polyurethane foam is an ideal modern tool for thermal insulation in a wooden house.

Its main advantages are:

• Lightness - minimum weight;
• Low thermal conductivity.

Today, polyurethane foam can be purchased in various thicknesses - thirty, fifty and one hundred millimeters.

Repair of the foundations of an old wooden house - the base of the apartment will be reliable!

The thickness of the insulation should be selected based on the thickness of the already restored substrate.

We suspect

Finally, I would like to summarize: the reconstruction of the support of an old wooden house is possible with all forms of destruction.

Each institution can be restored, everything will depend on the chosen technology and the experience of the master.

However, you should not take risks in this regard and it is better to contact a specialized company with experience in this type.

Interesting video:

After restoration, do not forget to take measures for thermal insulation.

Today we learned about three types of insulation, but there are many more. Only an expert will be able to give you useful advice on choosing the type of insulation.

On the pages of materials: http://domunit.ru

Features of brick houses

Owners of their own brick houses of unsuccessful or old construction are often faced with the need to solve problems caused by deformation and destruction of the foundation of the house. Such a problem for brick (stone) private houses is very typical due to the rather large weight of brick walls in comparison with walls made of lighter building materials, for example, wood.

The appearance of cracks in the foundation is a dangerous sign of the beginning of the destruction of a brick house, threatening to lead to distortion and destruction of walls, ceilings, as well as the entire supporting structure.

If the necessary measures are not taken in a timely manner to

restoration (strengthening) of the foundation, the house may become uninhabitable. A well-repaired foundation of a brick house will not only stop the current process of subsidence and distortion and prevent its continuation, but will also provide excellent conditions for the construction of a second floor.

Reasons for the destruction of the foundation

Some houses stand intact for centuries, while others collapse after a few decades.

It also happens that the destruction of the house begins even before the end of construction. As a rule, the main factor in the difference in the life of a building is the quality of the foundation. If over time the first signs of destruction of the foundation of a brick private house appeared, then to solve this problem, it is necessary to repair it. To do this, you must first establish the causes that caused this destruction.

There are three main groups of factors leading to the destruction of the foundation of a brick house: flaws in the construction of the foundation, human activities, and the influence of the natural factor.

In the first case, during the operation of the building by people, the foundation can be soaked with tap water. As a result, wetting and freezing of the soil and the foundation of the structure occurs in the winter. In the second case, the reasons for the destruction of the foundation may be the poor quality of the solution or an illiterate design. In the third case, for example, seasonal heaving of soils has a detrimental effect.

Signs of destruction

The main sign that something is wrong with the foundation of a brick private house is the presence of depressions and cracks at its base.

During the shrinkage of the building, the foundation may give cracks that will not progress and require only cosmetic repairs. It is necessary to stick a paper tape across the cracks and observe its integrity for ten days. If after this period the tape remains intact, then it is enough to fill the crack with broken bricks and concrete it. If the tape turned out to be torn, then this means that the foundation will continue to collapse in the near future, and therefore it is necessary to immediately restore it.

Self-repair of the foundation of a brick house can be performed only for tape and pile structures. Repair of reinforced concrete and concrete foundations requires specific skills and knowledge, as well as the availability of special construction equipment, that is, the involvement of professionals.

The only thing you can do in this case on your own is to strengthen the foundation.

Preparing to repair the foundation

Carrying out repairs to the foundation of a brick house should always be preceded by a thorough technical examination. Accurate and reliable identification of defects that affect the bearing properties of the base is extremely important for the correct selection of the repair method.

In the absence of experience in performing such work, specialists should be invited who are able to make a professional assessment of damage to the foundation.

Strip foundation repair

The strip foundation can be exposed to local heaving of the soil, due to which the base of the house is skewed. When repairing such a foundation, the first thing to do is to balance the impact of external factors on the foundation.

The easiest way to do this is to increase the base area. Before strengthening the foundation of a brick private house, it is necessary to select a section of the wall with a length of no more than two meters and proceed to strengthen the foundation of the house according to a fixed scheme. Near the building, you need to dig a ditch, the distance between the bottom of which and the lowest point of the existing base should be about one meter.

Then the old foundation is prepared with a new foundation. To do this, holes are made for strobes and fittings. Then the formwork for the new foundation is made. In this case, it is necessary to connect the frame from the reinforcement, which is subsequently linked to the reinforcement inserted into the building. After tying the frame of the building, everything must be poured with concrete. When the concrete is completely dry, the updated foundation must be dug in, and then a new trench must be dug.

On one side of the house, work can only be done on one site.

Pile foundation repair

The columnar (pile) foundation is usually designed for small loads. Repair of a columnar foundation involves moving the house to an almost new foundation.

When carrying out such a repair of the foundation, the following sequence of work is performed:

• The building is installed on temporary supports. At the same time, you can continue to live in the house.
• The poles are being dismantled.
• A trench is being dug under the house.
• A sand cushion is being compacted under the house.
• A well-reinforced tape twenty centimeters thick is poured.
• Poles are installed on the reinforced tape.
• Prefabricated or monolithic reinforced concrete beams are being installed.

  The beams are arranged between the pillars like a strip base.

• In case of significant destruction, the poles are taken into reinforcing steel clips.
• The house is lowered onto a freshly made foundation, its position is adjusted to the optimal opening of doors and windows.
• The old foundation is being dismantled.

Strengthening the foundation with bricks

You can strengthen the rubble base of a brick house with bricks, cement mortar, clay and waterproofing material.

A foundation reinforced in this way can last for several more decades. Therefore, this method is considered one of the best. Work should begin with excavation near the base.

It is necessary to make a trench about a meter wide with a depth of up to half a meter. Then it is necessary to thoroughly clean the upper and lower parts of the foundation, otherwise it will not be possible to strengthen it qualitatively.

After doing such work, it will be possible to detect all kinds of damage that the base of a brick house has. They must be sealed with cement mortar. Then you have to wait for it to dry completely. After that, the foundation is pasted over with roofing material or covered with bitumen.

At the last stage, bricks are laid using cement mortar near the base of the house. The resulting gap between the masonry and the foundation must be filled with greasy clay. Then the created structure must be left for seven to twelve days, after which it is necessary to fill up and compact the soil near the brickwork.

The procedure for laying the foundation below the freezing depth of the soil

Often the foundation of a house is built so that its base is lower than the depth of freezing of the soil.

In this case, the basis is practically not exposed to the soil, which has a lifting character. In this case, a situation may arise in which the soil is washed off from it by groundwater. Therefore, before strengthening such a foundation of a brick private house, drainage work should be carried out. First, drainage systems must be installed, and then all concrete destroyed by groundwater must be removed.

After that, both repair and restoration work can be carried out on the basis. To strengthen the foundation of a brick private house on such a basis, you need to do almost the same as in the case of a strip foundation. The only difference is that after the repair work is completed, it is necessary to install additional protection against moisture so that it does not cause great damage to the house.

Foundation waterproofing repair

It is also necessary to repair the foundation of a brick private house when water appears in the basement, underground or cellar.

This is a sign of a violation of the waterproofing of the basement and / or foundation, which, ultimately, may adversely affect their integrity.

There are two types of waterproofing: painting and pasting. Painting is a bitumen mastic applied to the surface of the masonry, pasting is made from rolled materials (brizol, hydroisol, roofing material, etc.), which are glued with the same mastic. In addition, cement (made of special cement) or asphalt plaster is also used for insulation.

Pasting and painting waterproofing is carried out on both vertical and horizontal surfaces.

Vertical insulation is arranged on the wall, which is directly adjacent to the ground (to the level of the sidewalk or blind area).

Horizontal insulation serves to protect the basement and walls of the house from ground moisture, which penetrates from the base of the foundation. In basement-free houses, it is produced in the basement, 200 millimeters above the level of the blind area or sidewalk; in basement buildings, horizontal waterproofing is arranged at two levels: at the basement floor and in the basement above the level of the blind area or sidewalk.

Particularly severe cases

Repair of the foundation generally increases its bearing capacity, which prevents further destruction of both the foundation itself and other structures, as a result of which the duration of operation of the entire house increases.

Do-it-yourself repair of the foundation of an old wooden house

However, it should be borne in mind that there are cases when the repair work carried out to strengthen the foundation does not lead to the desired result. Cracks on the walls still appear, the basement is flooded with water, the house sags in old or new places. In this case, it is necessary to make a decision to change the design of the foundation, which will require the reconstruction of floors, walls, and so on.

Repair time

Knowing the rules and methods of repairing the foundation of a brick house, like the foundation of any other structure, is not enough.

It is necessary to choose the right time to carry out these works. For example, experts do not recommend starting repair work in the cold season.

This is due to the fact that, on the one hand, at this time the soil becomes frozen, hard, and on the other hand, cement, like any mortar, loses some of its properties.

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A good foundation is the key to long-term operation of the building. But it happens that over time the foundation under the still fairly strong building begins to collapse.

If the house suddenly began to lean, to “leave” somewhere, urgent repairs are needed.

Repairing the foundation is not entirely simple, but realistic, using the recommendations of specialists.

The main causes of destruction

The choice of foundation restoration technology depends on the cause of the onset of deformation.

The most common reasons:

• Exceeding the permissible load after the construction of superstructures;
• Violation of waterproofing;
• High standing groundwater;
• Ground movement due to freezing and thawing;
• Errors made during laying (incorrectly chosen pouring depth, incorrect calculation of cement mixture ratios, etc.)
• Ground works near the building.

Types of destruction

The recovery process depends on the degree of its destruction.

Conventionally, all deformations are divided into four types:

• Delamination.

  This type includes small defects, from which the overall strength of the foundation of the house does not suffer.

• Cracks. Appear as a result of shrinkage of the house.
• subsidence.

  Damage that violates the geometry of the house and requires replacement of the foundation.

• Irreversible destruction. If that stage of destruction is missed, at which repairs can still be made, the building will have to be demolished.

Only deformations of the first and second degree are subject to repair and strengthening.

Preliminary diagnostics

You can accurately determine the cause of the destruction by contacting a specialized company.

However, the cost of the service is high, so many homeowners decide to carry out the diagnosis themselves. There are several diagnostic methods:

Controlling the rate of crack growth.

It is performed with beacon markers made from a cement-gypsum mixture. The prepared solution is placed on the crack, after cleaning its edges. Layer thickness 5 mm, length - 15 cm, height - 5 cm.

3 markers are applied to the crack: one - at the beginning, in the center and at the end. If the expansion continues, after 10-14 days the marker will crack. Measuring the depth of cracks allows you to determine the rate of destruction.

Digging holes. At the points of destruction, pits are dug 100 cm long and deep to the base of the foundation.

The width is determined by the convenience of digging and taking into account the possibility of soil collapse. This method allows you to control the depth of laying the foundation, the condition of the waterproofing coating, the presence of groundwater under the building.

Repair methods

Repair the base in several ways.

The choice of a particular one depends on the material of construction and the nature of the destruction.

If cracks appeared on the base, but the beacons installed on them did not burst in 14 days, it can be partially repaired. Small destruction of corners or some sections is performed as follows:

• Next to the damage, they dig a trench of such depth that the base is exposed.
• The bottom is filled with rubble.
• Along the edge, brickwork is made or a concrete block is mounted.

  The width of the masonry should overlap the area with a defect by 20%.

• Holes are drilled at the base and rods are inserted, which are welded into the armored belt or embedded in the seams of the masonry.
• The masonry is covered with waterproofing material.
• Fill the trenches with earth.

strengthening

The rupture of the lighthouses within 14 days indicates the continuing divergence of the crack.

In this case, under the house it is necessary to strengthen the soil. A hole is dug around the foundation at an angle of 35 degrees, a pipe with a diameter of 25-30 cm is inserted into it and liquid cement is supplied.

The soil must be completely saturated with cement mortar. A few hours after pouring, the solution is completely absorbed and a second portion is served.

After pouring, beacons are re-installed on the cracks. If after two weeks the beacons burst again, the filling is repeated.
If the installed beacons remained intact, proceed to the second stage of strengthening:

• They dig a trench 35 centimeters wide and a depth equal to the height of the foundation;
• Formwork is installed in it and strengthened with iron rods;
• Pour concrete with crushed stone;
• This method is suitable for columnar, strip and pile foundations.

Overhaul

Strong destruction of the foundation of the structure requires its complete replacement.

The methods depend on the material of the building.

Overhaul of the foundation under the log house is carried out in the following ways:

Replacement with relocation of the log house. The method is used for log cabins weighing no more than 4 tons.

For example, a 4x4 pine frame weighs 3.5 tons. You can raise such a house without the involvement of special equipment. You will need 2 jacks and 2 channels. Next to the destroyed one, a new foundation is poured with a plinth 20 cm lower than the old one. The log house is lifted with a jack and moved along the channel to a new foundation.

The structure is fixed.

Replacement with the rise of the house. The method is used if the log house is heavy or there is no free area for movement. Two holes are punched under the frame on one side and channels are inserted.

Do-it-yourself repair of the foundation of an old wooden house

Jacks are installed under the beams, the frame is raised by 20 cm and supports are installed. Then the same procedure is carried out on the other side. Formwork is installed along the perimeter of the building and concrete is poured. Sometimes the only repair option is the complete destruction of the foundation and the pouring of a new one.

Partial repair with reinforcement.

If the foundation is damaged in some places, the reinforcement is done. The corner of the log house is raised, the jointing is made with M12 fittings and poured with cement mortar.

It is possible to lower or move the log house with any repair option no earlier than three weeks later, when the concrete gains strength.

Repair of the foundation of a brick building

It is much more difficult to repair such a foundation, since it is impossible to raise it.

Repair steps are as follows:

• Digging a trench around the perimeter of the foundation. It is impossible to dig the soil to the bottom of the base: this will lead to even greater destruction. If the concrete of the old foundation is poured 150 cm, the maximum trench depth is 120 cm.
• A reinforcing belt is installed around the base. It is made from a mesh with cells of 40 × 40 cm. Holes are made in the corners for M12 reinforcement. The reinforcing mesh is welded.
• The trench is poured with concrete based on M500 cement and sand in a ratio of 1:3.

  Standing ground - at least a month.

• After pouring the base, the foundation of the house will be securely fixed.

Foundation restoration is a complex and costly type of construction work. Minor damage can be repaired on your own.

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Serious destruction will require the involvement of builders and industrial equipment.