Farmer's advice: how to easily and when to plant tomato seedlings in open ground? Proper planting of tomato seedlings in open ground How to plant seedlings in open ground

For many gardeners, the question of when to plant tomato seedlings is very important in order to get an excellent harvest. It is very important to take into account the climatic characteristics of the area, as well as the variety of tomatoes.

Another important factor when sowing seedlings is choosing the right time, which means timely ripening of the fruits. In addition, you need to choose a suitable place for planting the crop - a greenhouse or open ground.

People often ask, what is the time frame for planting tomato seedlings? Planting in a greenhouse occurs approximately two months after germination. The height of the seedlings during this period should be thirty-five centimeters.

For the Moscow region, planting tomato seeds for seedlings begins in early March and throughout the month. For seedlings under film covering - in mid-March.

For Siberia and the Urals, the time for planting seeds is from March to April.

But for accurate calculations it is better to use the above advice, depending on:

from tomato variety;
places for further cultivation;
opportunities for lighting seedlings during early planting;
planting on time in a greenhouse or under film;
weather conditions expected this spring;
moon calendar. There is a belief that the landing will take place according to the lunar calendar.

Folk signs say: If the snowdrop blooms, then you can plant tomatoes as seedlings. Seedlings can be planted in a permanent place when the mountain ash and lilac bloom.

Do you think that folk signs help to grow a good harvest of tomatoes?

Yes, this is the experience of the previous generationNo, these are all superstitions

Preparing soil for seedlings

It is better to prepare the soil in the fall, as the soil shrinks in winter. The work can be done outside if the weather is warm or in a shed:

Before you start mixing, the soil and sand must be sifted. This procedure is necessary to remove various types of debris, pest larvae and the like.
Then spread out the polyethylene, pour out and mix everything that is required to prepare the soil. Add fertilizer as needed, mix everything and place it in containers or bags.
The prepared soil mixture is stored in a barn. Two weeks before preparing tomato seeds for planting, the soil is placed in a warm room. This will allow you to reach the optimal temperature, i.e. warm up.

Soil disinfection. An accompanying procedure when preparing the soil for planting tomatoes for seedlings is disinfection. Experienced gardeners are advised not to neglect this procedure. Disinfection allows you to get rid of larvae and eggs of pests and pathogens. Land can be cultivated in several ways:

To freeze. The soil is left outside for the winter, covering the container from precipitation. Before the soil is used to prepare the soil mixture, it should be brought indoors for a month, heated, mixed with the necessary components and taken outside again.
Treatment with potassium permanganate- the prepared soil is watered with a solution of manganese 3 g per 10 liters of water, antifungal drugs such as phytosporin are added.

Steaming. For this procedure you need two reservoirs - a smaller one and a larger one. The soil is placed in a smaller container and placed in a larger container on a stand. A large container is filled with water and placed on the fire. The container with earth is not covered, the second one is covered accordingly. After the water boils, steam it for an hour. You can preheat in the oven for 30 minutes at +40 C.

Each gardener can choose the best option for himself, based on his own considerations. For some, steaming and calcination methods are considered unacceptable, since along with the destruction of harmful microorganisms, beneficial ones are also destroyed. In this case, you can recommend adding to the moist soil:

antifungal biofungicides (phytosporin);
bioindecticides (fitoverm).

After disinfecting the soil, you can begin to sow the seeds.

How to plant in the ground?

It is necessary to plant the plant in the afternoon or, even better, in cloudy weather:

In this case, the seedlings will not dry out and will “feel” better. If, however, you decide to plant your tomatoes before noon, then it is best not to water them that evening.
Next, holes are made in the dug up soil every 30 cm. In them you need to add compost and a little ash or superphosphate. Add water.
Take the seedlings out of the cups (if you bought them at the market) or take them out of your own container (if you grew them yourself) and lower them into the hole. Plant seedlings must be planted carefully so as not to damage them.

Gardeners usually plant plants at a depth that matches the height of the glass in which the seedlings were purchased, or so that the first leaf is above the soil. This makes it easier for you to plant and for the plant to take root.

Seedling care

Proper care of tomatoes after planting is the key to a good harvest. Therefore, it is very important to know all the intricacies of this action. All care can be divided into four types of work:

watering;
loosening;
feeding;
collection.

Before the seedlings are fully acclimatized, you need to monitor the condition of the soil surface. Thus, the soil must be loosened. Otherwise, the cracks that appear will affect the formed roots. As a result, they will be torn apart. Then there are two options for the development of events: either the seedlings slow down their development, or even die.

Watering the tomato should also be correct. This should be done accordingly:

when transplanting seedlings into soil in one hole, 1.5-2 liters;
flowering time - 20-35 liters per 1 m²;
ovary formation time - from 40 to 50 liters per 1 m²;
with repeated formation of fruits - from 70 to 80 liters per 1 m².

At the beginning of the fruit harvest, watering the grown bushes of the plant should gradually decrease. It has a positive effect on tomatoes and protects:

from late blight;
fruit cracks and other diseases.

Weakening is an important step in caring for tomatoes:

Therefore, after planting, loosen the soil every 3-4 days. It is necessary to hill up the planted seedlings immediately after establishment and after ten days. You should loosen the soil under tomatoes every time after watering by 10-12 cm, and not deeper. Otherwise, damage to the roots of the plant may occur.
Only after a month you can add 2-4 cm and loosen at a distance of up to 16 cm. Before closing the tops, the soil is cracked so that air and moisture penetrate into it better. The process is not complicated: cracks are made in the soil at a distance of one and a half meters from each other and a depth of 60 cm.
It is correct that the first fertilizing is carried out 14 days after planting the seedlings in the soil. One square meter will require from 8 to 10 kg of saltpeter, 5-6 kg of urea or from 10 to 12 kg of nitrophos, from 20 to 35 g of superphosphate and potassium salt.

Potassium salt

Second feeding

The second feeding is 20-25 days after the first. The same fertilizers are also used in the same proportions. Also take a "recipe" for tomatoes in case they start to wilt. This is due to the negative impact of weather conditions on plants. Have to take:

Mullein with water (1:10) or bird droppings (1:14).
Both mullein and droppings are soaked for 24 hours.
Then half a liter of one solution is mixed with 10 liters of water and the plants are watered.
You need to repeat it in a week.

Remove the lower leaves of planted tomatoes after 1.5-2 months. The bottom three sheets are subject to liquidation. After this, the seedlings need to be watered after 24 hours. This procedure is carried out once a week. If this is not done, air stagnation occurs and various diseases develop.

You can also watch a video where an experienced gardener will tell you how to properly plant early tomato seedlings in open ground.

Thus, planting tomato seedlings in open ground is not such a difficult matter. The main thing is to know the process and all its subtleties. Thanks to this article, you were able to learn the basic nuances of how to properly plant tomatoes in open ground. Planting tomato seedlings just got a lot easier!

Instructions

Seedlings are brought into the greenhouse around May 10-20, and planted in open beds no earlier than June 10, since frosts on the soil are possible at the beginning of summer.

Expect that seedlings will appear after your sowing in 3-15 days. It is also necessary to take into account the age of the seedlings, which they must reach before planting in a permanent place. The plant needs 2-3 days to take root.

Here is an example of such a calculation: a celery seedling is planted in a garden bed around May 25th. Subtract the optimal age of the plant from this date, it is 70-80 days, subtract another 15 days that will take for germination, and a few more days for adaptation. It turns out that you need to subtract about 95 days from May 25th. It turns out that you need to sow celery seedlings after February 25th.

If you need to get the first harvest by a certain date, consider the duration of the plant's growing season from planting to the appearance of fruit. This time is indicated on the seed package.

The early growing season is approximately 100 days. The best age for seedlings to move to a permanent place is 45-50 days. Sprouts sprout in 7-8 days. The seedlings are planted in the greenhouse around June 1. It turns out that in order to get a harvest of tomatoes for fresh salad by July 20, you need to sow the seeds 100 days before this day, plus a week for germination and several days for adaptation. It turns out the date is April 1-8.

Cucumbers, zucchini, melons are faster-ripening crops, but do not tolerate transplantation into the ground more easily. Start growing them in separate peat pots. These are very light-loving plants, so there is no point in sowing them earlier than April 10-20.

If you have heated greenhouses, sow tomatoes and peppers in February or early March. Then you will start replanting the plants in late April or early May. There is no need to rush; there is nothing good in overgrown seedlings.

To make it easier for you to navigate the timing, the following are the planting dates for the most popular plants in summer cottages: Celery. Ground – May 25. Seedling growth – 70-80 days. Germination – 15 days. Sowing seeds - after February 25. Sweet pepper. Ground – June 5. Seedling growth – 70 days. Germination – 12-14 days. Sowing seeds - after March 10. Early white cabbage. Soil - after May 20. Seedling growth – 50 days. Germination – 5 days. Sowing seeds - March 15. Eggplant. Ground – June 5. Seedling growth – 50 days. Germination – 12 days. Sowing seeds - April 1. Tomato. Seedling growth – 45-50 days. Germination – 7-8 days. Sowing seeds - April 1-8. Cucumber. Soil - after May 25. Seedling growth – 25-27 days. Germination – 3 days. Sowing seeds - no earlier than April 25. Head lettuce. Ground – June 10. Seedling growth – up to 40 days. Germination – 4 days. Sowing seeds - after April 25. Mid-season cabbage. Soil - after early cabbage. Seedling growth – up to 40 days. Sowing seeds - end of April. Pumpkin, squash, zucchini. Ground – June 10. Seedling growth – 25-27 days. Germination – 4 days. Sowing seeds - after May 10.

This material will discuss the timing of planting various garden crops in open ground. The question “when to plant what” interests many people, including me. The purpose of writing the material is to create a reminder about planting dates, based on popular experience, for everyone.

What can be planted in early spring in open ground

An experienced gardener already knows what can be planted in open ground in early spring. Here, folk signs help, including the gardener’s lunar sowing calendar, and his planting schedule, which has been verified over the years. Well, for those who are just starting to engage in a difficult but joyful business - gardening, our short story about the approximate timing of sowing and planting the main crops.

The timing of planting directly depends on weather conditions - whether spring is long or not, frosts are possible or not, whether the sun is shining and warming the soil or not, etc.

What can be planted in early spring:

Spring
Onion seeds, per feather
Parsnip
Every little thing - parsley, leaf celery,(though it will “sit” in the ground for a long time). In early spring, you should not soak the seeds before planting, otherwise swollen or even sprouted seeds will die in insufficiently warmed soil.
Early for yourself for food or for sale.

End of March - beginning of April

When the daytime temperature steadily rises to + 10 degrees, and accordingly the soil temperature is also plus, then you can safely plant peas, radishes, various varieties of lettuce.

April

Massively imprisoned potatoes, onions, spinach, cilantro (coriander), dill.

In the end of April in warm weather they begin to plant early cabbage seedlings(it can also withstand frost). At our own peril and risk, we planted seeds zucchini. There are no shoots yet, but in case of frost it will have to be covered.

You can also plant seeds Brussels sprouts, savoy sprouts, broccoli. Seeds can be planted in open ground tomatoes. As practice shows, ground tomatoes They grow very strong, resistant to various diseases, and sometimes outstrip tomatoes planted from seedlings in development.

Jerusalem artichoke we plant tubers.

We plant in May

We are starting to plant heat-loving crops.

Beginning of May- we sow corn, watermelons, pumpkin, melons. First cucumbers start planted seeds in open ground According to our folk tradition, right after Radonitsa. It is believed that they will no longer freeze. This year it is May 7th. At this time, it is recommended to plant varieties of cucumbers that are resistant to low temperatures.

We sow regular beans and green beans(popularly called “tursha”)

The time has come to plant all kinds of seedlings in open ground.

Video: What to sow in the garden beds in APRIL?

My list of plants that are not afraid of the cold and are sown very first, most often in April:

Of course, this is interesting for beginning gardeners, but perhaps it will also be nice for professionals to refresh their memory.

It’s spring on the calendar, but outside the window there’s frost and knee-deep snowdrifts. Our grandfathers were never guided by the calendar in gardening. The timing of planting vegetable crops in the ground was determined by signs of nature - folk signs.

Unfortunately, their observations are not relevant in a changing climate, and there is no one to create new signs.

If calendar dates are a bad guide, and folk signs “don’t work,” then how can we determine the optimal timing for planting seedlings in open ground? Study the biology of culture and record meteorological parameters.

There are country weather stations on sale that memorize parameters over several days over time and issue a short-term weather forecast. Using the data obtained, you can calculate the average daily and average night temperatures.

Optimal conditions for planting tomatoes

Tomatoes are a fairly hardy vegetable crop. Adult plants are able to survive nighttime temperature drops of up to 5-6 ⁰C without slowing growth or disrupting fruiting. However, like all heat-loving plants, they die even during light frosts, when the temperature drops to zero.

To assess the readiness of seedlings for planting in open ground, the following factors are analyzed:

condition of seedlings: the age of seedlings of early ripening varieties should not exceed 60 days; high-quality planting material has a thick stem 20-30 cm high and 1-2 flower clusters; Before planting, the seedlings undergo a 2-week hardening with exposure to fresh air in direct sunlight and, in the last days, left overnight on an open terrace or balcony;
temperature regime: average daily air temperature 14-15 ⁰C, soil - 10-12 ⁰C;
the ability to create additional protection in the event of a night drop in temperature or severe cold snap: film or white covering material is used to protect the plantings.

Advice! If the seedlings outgrow and the weather does not allow planting in the ground, then they must be taken to a cool place with night temperatures of 10-6 ⁰C and good lighting provided.

Approximate calendar dates for planting tomatoes in open ground in the Middle Zone and Moscow region: last week of May - first week of June; in Western Siberia: from June 10 to 15; in the southern regions: in early May.

The favorable temperature for tomato growth is considered to be 22-25 ⁰C. A periodic short-term decrease in daytime temperature to 15 and nighttime to 6-8 ⁰C does not cause a slowdown in growth or delay in fruit ripening. For early ripening varieties, a night drop to 3-4 ⁰C is not scary. At temperatures above 35 ⁰C, growth stops and fruits stop setting.

Conditions and timing for planting pepper seedlings

Unlike tomatoes, they are more sensitive to temperature conditions. This is a delicate tropical plant. For normal growth, an average daily temperature of 20-25 ⁰C is needed. A slowdown in development is observed already at 15 ⁰C, and at 13 ⁰C growth stops. At the same time, pepper does not tolerate drought and is demanding on lighting (the ovary is shed in the shade).

Seedlings are grown without picking, and unnecessary transplanting into a greenhouse is not advisable for them. To obtain high-quality seedlings, seeds are sown in individual containers of sufficient volume and optimal conditions are created.

Seedlings are planted in open ground at the age of 50-55 days. By this time, the plants should have 8-10 true leaves, a height of 20-25 cm and unopened buds. The soil should warm up to 15 ⁰C. To speed up the warming up, ridges are made in advance and covered with black film. In central Russia, it is recommended to plant peppers in open ground on June 1-10.

When to plant cucumbers?

Cucumbers are very sensitive to temperature fluctuations. During the growing season, night temperatures below 18 ⁰C provoke the development of root rot, and when the temperature drops below 16 ⁰C, the growth of ovaries slows down and the yield decreases. In cold soil, the root system rots and dies.

35-day-old seedlings are planted in open ground. If the growing conditions are met, the seedlings will be stocky, with short internodes. Planting is carried out when a constant temperature of 18-20 ⁰C is established and the threat of frost has passed. The first week after planting, the plants are covered at night.

Sowing cucumber seeds in open ground is carried out after the soil warms up to 12-13 ⁰C and the average daily air temperature reaches 15 ⁰C. In the Moscow region, cucumbers are sown in late May - early June.

In Western Siberia, sowing dates are calculated so that the seedlings do not fall under return frosts, usually after June 10. Do not rush to sow when there is a strong cold snap: in cold, damp soil the seed will not sprout and may rot. With a cucumber, there is no fear of missing deadlines and getting a late harvest.

For your information! According to popular belief, cucumber should be sown in open ground when lilac and acacia bloom. Tomato and pepper seedlings are boldly planted when the rose hips bloom and the oak leaves bloom. Such signs are a good guide, since the development of wild plants is also subject to temperature conditions and the length of daylight hours.

How can a gardener become a grandmaster and win a game against the weather?

Scientific recommendations and understanding of plant requirements do not guarantee successful cultivation of vegetable crops. The weather often surprises with unexpected surprises in the form of June hail, cold showers, hurricanes and late return frosts. But what if the seedlings require planting, and it’s raining and getting cold outside: plant or wait?

The note! In 2017, the Volga region experienced cold and rainy weather at the beginning of June. Many gardeners delayed planting seedlings in the ground, fearing night frosts and hail. As a result, overgrown and frozen tomato and pepper seedlings were planted only in mid-June. Of course, the harvest from such bushes was very poor or absent altogether. Those who took a risk and planted seedlings at the end of May won. The fruits were not large and took a long time to ripen, but there was a harvest.

Focusing on weather conditions, we must not forget about the growing season of the crop. In pepper, at least 95-100 days must pass from germination to the appearance of fruits of technical ripeness. In tomatoes, ripe fruits can be picked 100-105 days after germination. These are terms under favorable growth conditions. Lowering the temperature, replanting, and interruptions in watering slow down development and delay the onset of fruiting.

As a result, it turns out that, armed with all the recommendations, the gardener must assess the risks himself and make a decision. Over the years, an agronomist's instinct, or intuition, or the ability to observe nature is developed - whichever is closer to you.