Roof waterproofing cake. What is a roofing pie? Video: laying the insulating layers of the roofing cake

The service life of the whole house, and the comfortable atmosphere in it, depend on how well the roof is made. Heat loss through the roof can make the room too cold, and insufficient waterproofing will inevitably lead to

leaks. So each layer of coating in the so-called roofing cake has its own meaning.

What are the roofs?

Depending on what is determined and the materials necessary for its decoration. There are two main types of roofs: flat and more suitable for structures in temperate climates, as they can more easily tolerate large amounts of rainfall. Flat roofs are more suitable for service or technical premises, sometimes they are made as an exploited area, placing terraces or a winter garden there. Accordingly, the roofing cake is also changing. Not all materials are suitable for finishing, not everyone is suitable for creating a roof terrace. In addition, the role and purpose of the premises under the roof plays a role. If this is a technical room or a cold attic, work on insulation and insulation will not be the same as in

the case of an ordinary residential building.

What does a roofing pie include?

So what is the “recipe” for roofing cake? Its components include interior finishing of the space under the roof, a couple of centimeters of air gap for ventilation, a layer of a special thermal insulation layer located between the rafter legs, waterproofing, lathing and roofing material, as well as gutters and railings or bridges for safe movement on the roof, snow retainers for safety in cold season and decorative elements, like weathervanes. Roofing cake for does not involve snow retainers and decorative elements. In addition, in some cases, the roof is located on the ceiling, and not on the rafters. If the room under the roof is reserved for technical purposes, it does not require roof insulation and vapor barrier - insulation layers will be located on the floor, protecting from

heat loss of the room below.

Roof cake for bitumen and other materials

In the case of a roof covered with shingles, a layer of waterproofing material can be excluded from the pie. Bitumen creates a waterproof coating without additional films, waterproofing is required only at joints, corners and cornices. Moreover, it is necessary to lay such a film right before the installation of the roofing material, and not under the crate. If a roofing pie is created for a roof from soft roll coatings, an additional element is required - a lining. It is a polypropylene film that guarantees waterproofing when covered with a layer of absorbent woven fabric made of viscose and polypropylene. For a roof made of or rolled sheets, an additional layer of sound insulation is required, otherwise it will be too noisy in the room during rain. Thus, it is obvious that some layers of the roofing cake are always present in it, and some are determined by the type of a particular structure.

Sooner or later, everyone who has already started building their house or is just thinking about building, has to deal with such unfamiliar words as “insulation circuit”, “rafters”, “vapor and hydrobarrier”. In search of answers, the concept comes that the roof is not only the visible part, which has an unusual shape and a beautiful coating. This, it turns out, is a multilayer structure with many main and auxiliary elements. And because of how well they work, the longevity of the roof and the house as a whole depends.

What is a roofing pie

It would seem that such a strange combination is a confectionery and a building term. But it is it that fully reveals the structure of the roof, its meaning and tasks - to protect the house from negative natural influences and provide a good microclimate in residential premises. And this is achieved thanks to numerous layers of insulating materials and additional components.

A roofing cake, where each element is in its intended place and performs the functions assigned to it, is the main filling of the roof. And the functionality of the roof depends on the correctness of its installation, namely the order of location and technology for attaching the layers.

A standard roofing cake consists of several layers arranged in a strictly defined order.

Video: roofing pie of a pitched roof, the role of insulating layers and ventilation

The composition of the roofing cake

The roof structure is equipped in two versions - under a cold attic space and under an insulated roof.

Cold roof device

A roof is considered cold, the space under which remains uninsulated and most often unused. There are times when it is deliberately left cold, such as to store canned fruits, vegetables, and foods.

For a sloping cold roof, the roofing pie is divided into two parts located in different zones.

The layers of the roofing cake of the cold roof are separated and equipped in different zones - on the slopes and ceilings

On the slopes, the layers of the roofing cake (from inside to outside) are as follows:

• waterproofing laid along the rafters;
• countertrays and crate;
• roofing.

On floor slabs (from interior to attic):

• ceiling lining;
• vapor barrier;
• insulation.

For flat attic roofs, the principle remains the same, except for the upper attic floor, which is usually not waterproofed. Most commonly used on flat roofs, soft roofing is itself a 100% sealant. Yes, and they lay it on a solid concrete base or profiled sheets, on which they arrange an expanded clay layer along the slope and a leveling cement-sand screed. This is enough to prevent any roof leaks.

The only exceptions are structures in which the attic roof is supported by a system of wooden beams. In this case, a waterproofing material is additionally laid on top of the wooden elements.

The waterproofing layer on flat attic roofs is laid only in structures with a wooden base

Cold roofs are considered the most correct, since they provide free air circulation, which, if necessary, is supplemented with roof aerators. Such a roof can last up to 100 years, keeping the truss system intact and usable.

Insulated roof

For an insulated roof with an operated attic room, the roofing pie is characterized by the fact that all its components are combined into an integral structure with a strictly determined alternation of layers and ventilation gaps.

When viewed from inside the room, the arrangement of the layers of the roofing cake is as follows:

When arranging an insulated roof, special attention should be paid to the tightness of the joints of all roofing layers in hard-to-reach and therefore particularly problematic places - walls, ventilation risers and chimneys, roof windows flashings and valleys. Violation of tightness is fraught with the occurrence of cold bridges and heat loss through the roof.

Let us consider in more detail the layers of the roofing cake of a warm roof and their purpose.

Interior finishing of the under-roof space

The roof space in the form of an attic or attic is an interesting design. Even being luxuriously finished, it does not look solid. Often, sloping walls and ceilings give this room an aura of romance, airiness and lightness.

When choosing a finishing material, it must be taken into account that the truss system under the influence of wind and snow loads, seasonal temperature changes will still have signs of deformation. They will be very small and invisible, but they will have to be reckoned with in order not to get cracking of the joints on the cladding over time.

The main task of the finishing layer of the roofing cake is to ennoble the under-roof space and protect the next layer - vapor barrier - from moisture from the premises of the house. For cladding, they mainly use:

• blockhouse or lining;
• drywall (GKL);
• MDF or OSB boards.

Drywall is perhaps the most sought-after material for interior decoration, especially on complex broken roofs. It is easy to cut, thanks to which you can sew up elements of the most intricate shapes. In addition, drywall creates a perfectly smooth surface, which is subsequently easy to paint or apply beautiful decorative plaster. In addition, any decorative elements can be made from it and make the interior of the room incredibly attractive.

Plasterboard cladding elements can decorate the attic room and even divide it into zones

Attics and attics, sheathed with OSB or MDF boards, look no less beautiful. This material is as smooth as drywall, but much stronger.

Facing the under-roof space with moisture-resistant MDF boards using the play of light allows you to make unusual bright accents on individual elements of the interior

The big advantage of drywall and slabs is that hidden wiring can be mounted under them, but with the use of fire-retardant corrugations. But when sheathing with wood, the wiring will have to be made open and then decorated. But, despite this, many still prefer wooden running materials - lining and blockhouse with imitation of rounded logs or timber, as environmentally friendly materials that do not go out of fashion.

The attic sheathed in dark clapboard in a classic style, combined with light walls, looks strict and elegant

The main enemy of any insulation is steam. Rising from heated rooms, it meets cold air in the under-roof space, as a result of which it condenses and settles in the layers of the roofing cake. To prevent this, a vapor barrier layer is laid between the heat insulator and the inner lining. But in addition to protecting the insulation, the vapor barrier also retains heat in the under-roof space, which is especially important in the off-season.

As a standard option, a two-layer polyethylene film with a reinforcing mesh of polyethylene strips between the layers can be used as a vapor barrier.

The vapor barrier layer in the roofing cake is located between the inner lining and insulation

When choosing a vapor barrier material, you need to pay attention to the following points:

1. Tensile strength of a film or membrane. Insulation puts pressure on the vapor barrier material, as a result of which a thin film can tear, and then the condensate will do its dirty work.
2. Permeability index. If this coefficient varies from 0 to 90 g / m² per day, then this is a vapor barrier material. A coefficient over 100 indicates a vapor-permeable waterproofing agent, which is not suitable for installing a vapor barrier layer.

There is no universal "vapor waterproofing". Vapor barrier films or membranes and vapor-permeable waterproofing are different concepts, and their incorrect use will result in bad consequences for the whole house.

Thermal insulation material for roofing pie

Just as a person needs clothes, so the house needs protection from heat and cold. Therefore, thermal insulation is the simplest and most effective method of energy saving. Good thermal insulation materials can reduce heat loss by up to 70%. In addition, they provide:

• indoor comfort;
• effective noise and sound absorption;
• savings on heating and air conditioning costs at home;
• increase in the service life of the main structures;
• reduction of carbon dioxide emissions into the environment.

In private housing construction, mineral wool insulation is widely used - inexpensive, perfectly retaining heat and cool, chemically and biologically resistant. In addition, they have a fire resistance rating of over 1000°C.

When insulating the attic, mineral wool is laid in the gaps between the rafters

Recently, new insulating materials have appeared on the construction market.

1. URSA staple fiberglass is a wide-profile insulation that is easily installed in hard-to-reach places.
2. Extruded polystyrene foam, characterized by high heat and sound insulation, ease of use and long service life - up to 100 years.
3. Sprayed heaters, which are applied using special equipment and form an even layer on the surface with any geometry.
4. Styrofoam is the most budgetary option for insulation.

Styrofoam is widely used to insulate roofs and walls of a house because it is easy to install and inexpensive.

What insulation to choose, the owner decides. All of them deserve attention. However, to obtain the maximum effect, it is necessary not only to correctly select the insulation according to the roof structure, but also to follow the installation technology offered by manufacturers of insulating coatings.

Roof waterproofing

The next layer of the roofing pie is waterproofing, located above the insulation with an air gap to ventilate the latter. A waterproofing device is a necessary measure to protect the entire roof structure from precipitation. Lay waterproofing material throughout the roof, starting from the end of the rafter legs to the very ridge with the organization of the air outlet so that moisture does not remain in the insulation.

For roof waterproofing, a reinforced film is often used, which is laid along the rafters with a slight sag.

The waterproofing film is laid with a sagging between the rafters of no more than 20 mm. Membrane materials are mounted directly on the insulation without sagging, which significantly reduces the wind load.

Waterproofing materials must have:

• mechanical strength;
• good moisture resistance;
• elasticity and heat resistance.

In addition, it is not necessary, but it is desirable that they have heat-saving qualities. Protection from cold and moisture in one insulating material - a great solution for the home.

Ventilation gaps in the roofing pie

When arranging the roof, you need to remember - it must breathe well, regardless of its design. Otherwise, the roof will “cry” and no insulating layers will help. A warm roof is usually arranged above attic rooms, which do not allow providing the necessary space for free air circulation.

There are all conditions for natural ventilation of a cold roof in the attic, and when arranging a warm attic, it is necessary to provide for ventilation gaps

Therefore, when erecting an insulated roof, it is necessary to provide for the installation of three ventilation gaps in order to ensure full natural ventilation of the under-roof space:

1. Eaves channel along the entire length of the overhangs for the flow of cold air under the roof.
2. The space between the counter-lattice and the lathing for the movement of air along the roof.
3. Ridge vents through which warm air will go outside.

To enhance traction, natural air circulation is supplemented with ventilation roofing extensions - aerators, valves or turbines.

Roof aerators supplement insufficient natural ventilation of the under-roof space

Roof anti-icing system

The eternal struggle with ice and snow these days is solved quite simply. For this, modern roof anti-icing systems have been created, which have replaced mechanical snow removal with a shovel and scrap and chemical treatment. Unlike the last two methods of snow removal, in which there is a high probability of damage to the roofing, anti-icing systems are completely safe and highly effective. However, they have their drawbacks:

• additional power consumption;
• high cost;
• the need to attract professionals who will competently carry out calculations, installation, testing and debugging of the entire system.

Video: heating the roof, gutters and gutters with an electric cable

roofing material

Every developer wants to see their home bright, individual, eye-catching and flawless in everything. And if the facades are still revetted in a moderately restrained way, then the roof more than compensates for this. Fortunately, modern roofing materials are an expanse of fantasy that can give any home style and character.

A huge variety of textures and colors reigns in the world of roofing today. If you want a roof that matches the tone of young greenery or you like a bright orange color - no problem. Red, lilac, red, yellow, blue - whatever your heart desires.

The rich blue color of the bituminous tile roofing looks beautiful against the background of a light facade

But, when choosing a roofing, it is worth remembering that the key requirements still remain:

• fire resistance of the covering material;
• wear resistance, strength and durability;
• ease of installation and availability.

And only after that comes the turn of aesthetic criteria.

Video: an overview of popular roofing, their pros and cons

Varieties of roofing cake

It should be noted that the structure of the roofing pie may vary. Depending on the roofing and the type of roof, some layers are missing or partially laid, while others appear additionally, which is dictated by the characteristics of a particular structure.

Types of roofing cake depending on the roofing

Consider the composition of the roofing cake for the most popular covering materials.

Decking is the most unpretentious material, so it will not be difficult to equip a roof under it on your own. Particular attention should be paid to two layers - thermal insulation and sound insulation.

The insulation is laid strictly in the inter-rafter space. To improve the performance of the heat insulator, it is covered with a windproof film that does not allow steam to pass through, and a crate is stuffed, on which profiled sheets are already mounted. The step for the crate is chosen according to the size of the sheet and the slope of the roof, taking into account the overlap in one or two corrugations. Features of a metal roof require:

1. Mandatory arrangement of ventilation gaps between the insulation layer and the roofing. The size of the ventilation ducts is not fixed, but not less than the beam thickness of the crate (3 cm).
2. When assembling the crate, it is desirable to install additional stiffeners, which will significantly prolong the operation of the roof.

The installation of insulating strips of felt or polyethylene foam along the rafters will help to solve the problem of sound insulation.

The standard composition of the roofing cake for corrugated board:

Roofing cake for flexible tiles

Soft tile has a great advantage - it is an absolutely waterproof material. Therefore, among the layers of the roofing cake there is no waterproofing, but additional layers appear - a solid base made of moisture-resistant chip materials and a lining carpet.

A pie is arranged under the tiles by alternating the following layers:

The original roofing materials of the Ondulin company do not require a roofing pie as such. They do not care if there is an insulating layer and vapor or waterproofing films, or not. They themselves reliably protect the roof from the weather, if the rafter system, the crate and, if necessary, the counter-lattice are correctly installed. In addition, branded materials retain heat well. This is what we talked about in the "Waterproofing" section: two significant functions in one material - the ideal solution to the issue of waterproofing and thermal protection.

Of course, in our frosty winters in houses of permanent residence, the roof must be insulated. Nevertheless, under ondulin, no special requirements are imposed on the insulation. Except for one thing - its thickness must comply with SNiP standards. For example, for Moscow and the region, this is at least 25 cm of mineral wool material.

The sequence of layers from the roofing to the inside of the room:

Roofing pie under the metal tile

The seam roof with a matt finish in gray harmonizes beautifully with the wooden architecture of the house in the same color scheme.

Roofing cake under the seam roof:

Video: seam roof installation

The pitch of the rafters for a sloping roof is determined by the roof structure and covering material, the recommended value is from 600 mm

Video: rules for installing a roofing pie

Roof construction is far from the simplest element of a building. As a rule, it consists of several layers of various materials that provide the proper level of noise, vapor and heat insulation. And, of course, they protect the house from rain at any time of the year.

However, different types of roof require appropriate types of materials. Experienced builders often know all the time-tested options. And in the case of a roofing pie for a roof under a metal tile, a number of additional nuances must be strictly observed.

In this article

Type #1: cheap and cold

A rational option if the roofing cake is calculated for outbuildings, gazebos or for housing in warm regions, where snow and cold are known only by hearsay.

The design of a cold roof is very simple and consists of only five elements:

1. Rafter system.
2. Waterproof film. The hydro-ventilation gap must also be taken into account.
3. Counter-lattice (wooden slats, planks or bars).
4. Lathing (bars or edged boards).
5. Metal tile.

Easy to install, more economical for the budget. However, at the same time, you will have to forget about heat and sound insulation from the outside.

Type No. 2: minimum noise, maximum heat

An option for most private houses, whose owners do not want to hear a booming noise during the rain and freeze with the onset of cold weather.

What is included in the design:

1. Vapor barrier, which is installed on the inside of the roof.
2. Rafters with longitudinal runs are the main load-bearing structural element.
3. Thermal insulation material is installed between the rafters and girders. Ventilation gaps are also required.
4. Above the surface of the insulation, waterproofing is installed - a film / membrane that allows steam to pass from the inside, but does not allow moisture to penetrate from the outside of the roof. The distance of waterproofing from the insulation should be approximately the same as from the metal tile - 40-50 cm.
5. Parallel to the rafters, a counter-lattice is installed, pressing the waterproofing. It also serves as a support for mounting the crate.
6. Lathing - a metal tile will be mounted on it. It is recommended to use bars with a calculated section of 50x50, the fastening step along the slopes is 35-45 centimeters.
7. Metal tile.

Such a metal roofing pie will already cost a little more, and installation will be more difficult and longer. However, the correct installation of these components will reliably protect against cold and precipitation. Such a roof will retain heat much more efficiently than its “cold” counterpart.

Rules for the selection of metal tiles

Tiles tiles are different. Even if the material, it would seem, is of the same type. The current market offers customers a wide variety of options with any characteristics, appearance and, of course, price.

One of the main parameters affecting the strength of the material is the thickness of its metal base.. Typically, sheets no thicker than 0.4-0.5 mm are used in roofing pies. Reinforced options are guaranteed to affect the reliability of the roof, just like the magnitude of its load on the rafters. Be sure to take this into account when calculating the roof frame.

In addition, any metal tile during manufacture must be covered with a protective layer.. It provides resistance against aggressive external influences. And how effective this protection will be depends only on the quality of the layer itself. Which will directly affect the cost of tiles.

Additional reinforcement of the material will give the height of its waves. However, do not forget that for any tile, galvanized sheets of the same length are used. Therefore, the greater the height of these waves, the material becomes not only more stable, but also gives less useful width.

Finally, the large length of the sheets greatly simplifies the entire installation process. In addition, the risk of leaks is also reduced. On the other hand, this approach increases the chances of longitudinal deformation of the roof.

You need to know about it from the very beginning.

When assembling a roofing pie, special attention is paid to two points: the correct location of the waterproofing and ventilation gaps.

Many owners try to save on materials by purchasing cheaper mineral insulation, ecowool or glass wool instead of waterproof foam. With this choice, the costs will really be significantly less. But then it is the thermal insulation that will become the most vulnerable point in the entire structure.. After all, these materials are highly susceptible to the harmful effects of moisture. By "disastrous" we mean the loss of its heat-saving properties up to 80%. Therefore, it is strongly recommended not to save at least on waterproofing.

However, not a single roof of a private house can be completely insured against the penetration of moisture into the roof layers. For such cases, gaps are provided between the thermal insulation and the upper level of the cake, the dimensions of which are usually 30-40 mm. Air blowing should go from the roof overhang to the ridge.

Slightly smaller gaps (10-15 mm) should also be present between the tiles and the waterproofing.

Mounting technique

After the calculations and selection of all the necessary materials, the most crucial stage comes - the installation of a roofing pie. Both types have their own characteristics, so when choosing a “cold roof”, you can immediately proceed to the third stage. In the case of a “warm roof”, you need to start from the very first point.

1. A layer of vapor barrier will protect the roof from the harmful effects of steam from a warm room under the roof. Various types of vapor barriers require a certain clearance during installation (which may vary from product to product). Therefore, for such cases, a counter rail is first carried out along the lag (thickness - 30 mm). A vapor barrier is attached to it with a construction stapler or counter-lattice. You need to lay it along the slope from its bottom to the top. Each row of the vapor barrier overlaps the previous one (100-150 mm). Exactly the same applies to the longitudinal joints.
2. Outside the frame, insulation is stuffed between the lags. Space must be provided for air gaps.
3. Mandatory stage not only for the "warm", but already for the "cold" roof. A waterproofing film is attached along the lags using a vertical counter-lattice (beam 30x50x50 mm) with a nail pitch of 30 cm. The ventilation gap is also required here - the material should sag at least 1-2 centimeters.
4. And already on the counter-lattice, the installation of the crate is carried out. Its step, as mentioned earlier, should not exceed 45 cm. In valleys, skates and various junctions, it fits solid.

Please note that all wood materials of the cake must be calibrated and dried in natural conditions even before installation. Treatment with flame retardants and antiseptics is highly desirable.

Finally, be sure to pay attention to the roof of your house at least twice a year.. Regular preventive maintenance and, in particular, monitoring of additional elements, joints and junctions in advance will help to avoid possible problems with the roofing pie.

In the construction vocabulary, there are different terms that will be incomprehensible to people who do not understand this topic. One of them is such a name as " roofing cake».

What it is?

Roofing cake - several layers of material and structures used in the construction of the roof. Therefore, it was compared with a pie - multi-layered and difficult to prepare. This is a whole system with its own nuances, secrets and rules. Nowadays, the roofing cake performs many more functions than before; from this, its installation is one of the most difficult points in building a house. What is this "pie" made of?

Device

Ideally, the design of the roofing pie should consist of the following elements:

• interior decoration (directly lining the ceiling);
• vapor barrier;
• thermal insulation (insulation);
• waterproofing;
• gaps for ventilation;
• anti-icing system;
• roof.

The roofing pie also includes decorative elements (weather vanes), gutters, drainage systems and other roof equipment. If everything is clear with the interior decoration (depending on the chosen interior), then we will deal with insulating elements and other “layers”.

roofing pie

As you know from the lessons of physics, the most heat and water vapor (that is, moisture) is collected under the roof, so attention to insulation should be paid here as much as possible. Before installing the main element - insulation - it is necessary to lay a vapor barrier film so that moisture does not pass further into the roofing pie. But if it passes through this layer, the insulation should not accumulate it in itself, but let it pass further. Thus, the insulation must have high vapor permeability, not deform and be fire resistant. Its thickness should be from 150 to 200 mm. For roofs, slabs made of stone, glass fiber or mineral wool are more suitable.

Important: the insulation should be installed only after the moisture content of the wooden structural elements of the roofing pie becomes equal to or less than 18%. Otherwise, moisture from the wood will get into the insulation and will not be able to leave it due to the waterproofing layer. The insulation must always be dry.

Blue layer - vapor barrier; yellow - insulation.

Ventilation and anti-icing systems

If your roofing material is a corrugated sheet, then in any case, natural ventilation is formed. The set of soft type roofing has a special ventilated ridge; also, the upper and lower ventilation gaps are connected with the environment using roof fans.

Anti-icing roofs use a system of heating cables, temperature sensors and other equipment. They can be carried out not only under the roof, but also near the gutters and windows of the upper floors.

Waterproofing

Waterproofing is laid after the provision of ventilation and anti-icing equipment is completed. It can be either moisture-absorbing or moisture-permeable, depending on the material of the roof. Waterproofing is divided into the following types:

• super-diffusion membranes (pass steam, but not water; do not require ventilation gaps);
• waterproofing diffusion membranes (ventilation gaps are required for operation; they allow steam to pass through and retain moisture);
• waterproofing condensate films (gaps are also required; they do not let steam through, suitable for metal tiles and euro slates).

truss system

The thickness of the roofing cake should be in the range of 30-35 centimeters, with this in mind, it is worthwhile to carry out the design of the rafters. For them, you should choose softwood with a moisture content not higher than 22%; treat it with antiseptics and flame retardants. A counter-lattice is installed on the rafters, and then under-roofing waterproofing is mounted on it. The resulting gap will provide additional ventilation. A crate made of timber or a solid flooring made of CSP, OSB or other such materials is attached to the counter-lattice. A hard roof is placed on a crate, but the second option is suitable for a soft one.

Types of roofing cake

When using bituminous tiles, it is possible not to lay a layer of waterproofing: the bitumen itself is waterproof. The film will be needed only at the corners, cornices and joints, and it will have to be laid not under the crate, but already before the direct installation of the roof.

Soft tiles involve the use of a lining - a polypropylene film that performs waterproofing functions.

As for metal tiles, a layer of sound insulation is required here. Any impacts on such material, whether it be rain or birds, give off an unpleasant sound in the room, so laying this layer is highly recommended.

From the foregoing, we can conclude that different types of roofing require different “recipes” for a roofing pie.

Under shingles

Options:

• rafter dimensions: 200*50 mm
• insulation: 150 mm;
• ventilation: 50 mm;

Waterproofing, as already mentioned, is not needed.

To prevent an increase in the size of the insulation and further consequences, a "mesh" of nylon cord is used.

Under soft tiles.

Options:

• rafter dimensions: 150*50 mm;
• insulation: 200 mm;
• ventilation: 50 mm;

In the diagram, waterproofing is called windproofing. As you can see, there is a fourth layer of insulation here, which does not allow cold bridges to form. The recommended insulation material is basalt.

This version of the cake can also be used for metal tiles, while plywood should be replaced with a crate made of timber.

Roofing cake for the attic

All the options considered earlier were suitable for living quarters, that is, a warm attic. But if the space under the roof is planned to be used not as rooms, but as an attic, then the “composition” of the roofing pie will be simplified:

• rafters;
• waterproofing;
• counterlattice;
• crate;
• roof.

Waterproofing is fastened with an overlap parallel to the eaves (if the roof angle is more than 20 degrees).

Remember: never save on roofing pie materials, because even the life of the house depends on it. The better the material and the better the work, the less likely it is that the roof will start to leak, let heat through, ice will form, or collapse will occur.

How to make a roofing cake correctly

High-quality materials and skilled workers will cost a pretty penny. But experience shows that frequent repairs or even replacement of the roof (before the end of its expected life) will cost even more.

In principle, you can save on the second point, but only if you are confident in your abilities (for example, you have already done this type of work). Here is one of the tutorial videos:

If you are unsure, then it is better to entrust such responsible work to professionals.

Generalization

A roofing cake in the understanding of an ordinary person can be called a complex of “layers” that are included in the concept of a “roof” of a house. Materials that provide comfortable living in attic rooms or a “leak-free” attic are stacked in layers, so they have been compared to a layer cake.

Even the service life of the house depends on the correct execution of the roofing cake, so saving on materials or work is far from the best idea. The roof protects the entire house from environmental influences, so this system must be given special attention.

Without all the necessary elements, any system will not work correctly, so every layer of the pie is very important. One of the rules for working with insulation is to keep it dry. This will help waterproofing and vapor barrier. To remove moisture and observe the temperature regime, ventilation gaps are made. In the fight against icing, you can even buy special thermal equipment. Do not forget about gutters and snow retainers.

The roofing cake will not only provide an attic room warm in winter and cool in summer, but will also protect against unpleasant sounds due to impacts on the roofing material. This is the second most important stage of building a house, so it needs to be given the appropriate amount of money and amount of time.

Many of those who have not closely encountered the construction of a private house believe that the roof is just a roofing. But in reality, the roof is a system consisting of a large number of technical elements and several functional layers. Depending on the type of roof (from single-pitched to multi-gable), its design has a certain degree of complexity.

The totality of all layers of the roof is also called the roofing "pie". Just as any cake has its own recipe for preparation and arrangement of layers, so the roof structure has its own “recipe”.

Typically, the composition of the "pie" of the roof includes the following layers (starting from the bottom):

• interior decoration,
• vapor barrier,
• insulation,
• ventilation gap (there are systems where two gaps are arranged),
• waterproofing (roofing film),
• roofing material.

Roofing cake recipe

A well-executed roof structure will serve as a guarantee that in the winter period an ice barrier will not be created on the roof overhangs and a process such as “water return” will take place. The thermal insulation characteristics of such a roof will fully comply with modern building codes.

In the summer period of the year, the roofing system will operate in self-cooling mode, since inside the under-roofing gaps there will be movement of air masses directed from bottom to top. Together with the air flow, the heat that comes from the roofing material heated in the sun will also leave. In the same way, moisture that may be in the insulation will also be removed.

Thanks to the exact observance of the recipe of the roofing "pie", you will be able to provide the load-bearing elements of the roof structure with durability. At the same time, correctly grouped layers can provide additional comfort and savings in thermal energy in your country house.

The technology of the device roofing "pie"

To date, several technically justified methods for constructing a high-quality roof have been developed. Below we will look at the two most popular methods.

In private housing construction, it is customary to arrange one of two types of attic: cold or exploited. In accordance with the chosen design of the attic, the design of the roof is also selected. If the attic is planned to be made cold, then only the ceiling is insulated. At the same time, the attic space itself is ventilated, so that moisture can freely and freely exit the heat insulator.

In the case when it is planned to arrange a residential attic in the upper tier of a country house, the roof itself is insulated. And it is in this case that a multi-layer roofing “pie” is created (in this case, the roofing material and the insulation are elements of the same design).

It is extremely important here to strictly observe the order of all layers, since each of them has its own individual function. The slightest violation of the sequence can reduce to zero the thermal insulation characteristics of the roof, which in this case acts as the building envelope. In addition, if the layers of the “pie” are not properly arranged, the load-bearing elements of the roof will fail prematurely.

Stages of work

First, on top of the completed counter-lattice (there are options when the counter-lattice is stuffed from above), sheets of waterproofing material are spread. The canvases must be unfolded in a horizontal direction so that an overlap of about 10 cm is formed.

In this case, the waterproofing film cannot be stretched, but on the contrary, it must be laid with a slightly noticeable sag (in case of temperature fluctuations). The joints of the waterproofing sheets must be sealed.

Then mineral wool fills the space between the rafters. It is necessary to ensure that the insulation plates fit quite tightly, without the formation of voids and gaps. From the side of the premises, the insulation is sewn up with a layer of vapor barrier material - this will protect the structure from the penetration of water vapor from the premises into the insulation.

During the installation of the roofing "pie", it is extremely important to observe the ventilation gaps. The best option is to have two such gaps:

• the first - between waterproofing and roofing material,
• the second - between the insulation and waterproofing.

The height of the ventilation gaps must be at least 50mm. The upper gap is created by the lathing bars, the cross section of which is 40 mm x 50 mm (these bars serve as the basis for mounting the roofing material).

Lower gap - it is simply left when laying a layer of thermal insulation. That is, the thermal insulation is positioned so that about 50 mm remains to the lowest point of sagging of the waterproofing material.

What should be paid special attention to?

When constructing a roofing "pie", special attention must be paid to such difficult areas as:

• ventilation outlets,
• stone and chimneys,
• roof windows.

It is these areas that usually cause depressurization and heat leakage. The reason for this is incorrect installation work.

Incomplete understanding of the processes of functioning of all technological layers of the roof structure often leads to serious errors, and, as a result, to various troubles. For example, the situation with the vapor barrier.

Not all vapor barrier films have the necessary throughput. The cheapest of them can pass only 30 mg/m 2, while a high-quality analogue can output about 1200 mg/m 2.

During the heating season, cheap vapor barrier may simply not be able to cope with its direct duty. As a result of this, both the insulation and the interior finish will suffer.

Some nuances

There are no trifles when installing a roof. If it says that waterproofing should be laid horizontally, then do it. At the same time, be sure to overlap at least 10 cm - otherwise the waterproofing will not be reliable. In addition, it is not allowed to fix the waterproofing film with nails - you can only use a construction stapler.

The lower edge of the film should be brought into the gutter of the building's drainage system, outside the cornice box. In turn, the edges of the vapor barrier material are brought out to the walls. When using diffusion or superdiffusion films, it is also important which side they face the insulation layer. If the sides are mixed up, the film will have the same effect as ordinary polyethylene.

It is necessary to mount the waterproofing film very carefully:

• wrinkling should not be allowed - they will retain water;
• it is also impossible for the film to touch the insulation in any place.

If we talk about insulation, then it should be laid in two layers and always with offset joints. When using rolled insulation, experts recommend additionally fixing them every meter and a half with boards.

Well, now it only remains to lay the roofing material and that's it - the roofing "pie" of your country house. Follow all the recommendations according to the recipe, and the "pie" will succeed.

Video. Organization of a roofing pie - vapor barrier, insulation, roof waterproofing

Video. ATTIC INSULATION. ROOF PIE